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. 2015 Aug 28;10(8):e0136947. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136947

Fig 2. NF-κB and MAPKs are involved in E. faecalis-induced upregulation of cytokine expression.

Fig 2

(A) RAW264.7 cells were infected with E99 at MOI of 10 for indicated times, then collected for Western blot analysis. (B&C) Cells were pretreated with the inhibitors of p38 (SB239063), JNK (SP600125), MEK (PD98059) or NF-κB (MG132) or with vehicle (DMSO) alone for 0.5 h before being infected with E99 for 5 h. The mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and actin in macrophages were measured by RT-PCR and the values were normalized to actin and expressed as the fold change relative to uninfected cells (Control). (D) TNF-α in the culture supernatants was measured by ELISA. *, p<0.05; **, p<0.01 represents statistically significant difference compared to RAW264.7 cells infected with E99 alone.