Table 1.
Characteristics of subjects with and without migraine in patients with multiple sclerosis and clinically isolated syndrome, and in healthy individuals.
| HIs (n = 251) |
MS (n = 509) |
CIS (n = 64) |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| W/o migraine (n = 214) |
Migraine (n = 37) |
p-Value | W/o migraine (n = 396) | Migraine (n = 113) | p-Value | W/o migraine (n = 53) | Migraine (n = 11) | p-Value | |
| Female, n (%) | 136 (63.6) | 28 (75.7) | 0.135 | 266 (67.2) | 95 (84.1) | 0.01 | 38 (71.7) | 10 (90.1) | 0.181 |
| Age in years, mean (SD) | 43.0 (17.4) | 43.6 (13.9) | 0.852 | 46.9 (12.4) | 42.4 (13.0) | 0.001 | 39.9 (11.3) | 38.3 (9.9) | 0.001 |
| Age at onset in years, mean (SD) | NA | NA | NA | 32 (10.7) | 29.8 (10.5) | 0.066 | 36.0 (11.1) | 31.9 (10.5) | 0.266 |
| Disease duration in years, mean (SD) | NA | NA | NA | 15 (10.7) | 12.4 (9.6) | 0.024 | 1.3 (2.1) | 1.4 (2.2) | 0.115 |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 26.8 (5.5) | 26.9 (5.5) | 0.95 | 26.7 (5.5) | 26.5 (5.9) | 0.745 | 27.2 (6) | 26.5 (5.5) | 0.734 |
| Presence of DMT, n (%) | NA | NA | NA | 284 (71.7) | 83 (73.5) | 0.884 | 26 (49.1) | 4 (36.3) | 0.634 |
| Interferon-beta 1a | 140 (49.3) | 34 (41) | 20 (76.9) | 3 (75) | |||||
| Glatiramer acetate | 73 (25.7) | 27 (32.5) | 6 (23.1) | 1 (25) | |||||
| Natalizumab | 56 (19.7) | 18 (21.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |||||
| Mycophenolate mofetil | 6 (2.1) | 1 (1.2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |||||
| Intravenous immunoglobulin | 5 (1.8) | 2 (2.4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |||||
| Azathioprine | 3 (1.1) | 1 (1.2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |||||
| Mitoxantrone | 1 (0.4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |||||
| EDSS, mean (IQR) | NA | NA | NA | 3.6 (2.2) | 3.2 (1.8) | 0.082 | 1.3 (.7) | 1.9 (1.7) | 0.092 |
| Race, n (%) | 0.168 | 0.337 | |||||||
| White | 183 (85.5) | 33 (89.2) | 373 (94.2) | 103 (91.2) | 48 (90.5) | 11 (100) | 0.771 | ||
| Hispanic/Latino | 2 (0.9) | 1 (2.7) | 4 (1.0) | 4 (3.5) | 2 (3.8) | 0 (0) | |||
| Black/African/American | 16 (7.5) | 2 (5.4) | 15 (3.8) | 5 (4.4) | 2 (3.8) | 0 (0) | |||
| Asian | 8 (3.7) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.5) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.9) | 0 (0) | |||
| American Indian/Alaska native | 0 (0) | 1 (2.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |||
| Other | 5 (2.3) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.5) | 1 (0.9) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |||
HIs—healthy individuals; MS—multiple sclerosis; CIS—clinically isolated syndrome; SD—standard deviation; EDSS—Expanded Disability Status Scale; DMT—disease modifying therapy; NA—not available; BMI—body mass index; IQR— interquartile range.
The comparison between the migraine and non-migraine subjects was performed using chi-square test, Mann–Whitney rank sum test and one-way analysis of variance. p-Values < 0.05 were considered significant (highlighted in bold).