Table 2.
Characteristics of subjects with and without migraine in patients with relapsing–remitting, secondary-progressive and primary-progressive multiple sclerosis.
| RRMS (n = 320) |
SPMS (n = 124) |
PPMS (n = 36) |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| W/o migraine (n = 241) |
Migraine (n = 79) | p-Value | W/o migraine (n = 104) | Migraine (n = 20) | p-Value | W/o migraine (n=30) | Migraine (n = 6) | p-Value | |
| Female, n (%) | 159 (78.8) | 68 (86.1) | 0.001 | 77 (74) | 18 (90) | 0.122 | 17 (56.7) | 3 (50) | 0.764 |
| Age in years, mean (SD) | 44.6 (10.3) | 42.2 (11.4) | 0.081 | 54.7 (7.5) | 49.9 (10.6) | 0.015 | 56.0 (6.9) | 49.3 (4.7) | 0.032 |
| Age at onset in years, mean (SD) | 32.3 (9.2) | 30.2 (9.4) | 0.082 | 32.4 (11.1) | 29.2 (9.9) | 0.22 | 37.9 (10.8) | 42.4 (6) | 0.374 |
| Disease duration in years, mean (SD) | 12.4 (8.9) | 11.4 (8.7) | 0.401 | 22.4 (10.9) | 20.7 (9.8) | 0.527 | 18.1 (11.5) | 6.8 (4.5) | 0.039 |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 27.5 (5.6) | 27.0 (6) | 0.555 | 25.8 (5) | 24.7 (5.7) | 0.376 | 26.1 (4.2) | 26.0 (5.6) | 0.954 |
| Presence of DMT, n (%) | 204 (84.6) | 60 (75.9) | 0.579 | 72 (69.2) | 15 (75) | 0.831 | 13 (43.3) | 3 (50) | 0.85 |
| Interferon-beta 1a | 101 (49.5) | 24 (40) | 40 (55.6) | 6 (40) | 5 (38.5) | 1 (33.3) | 5 | ||
| Glatiramer acetate | 51 (25) | 21 (35) | 14 (19.4) | 5 (33.3) | 5 (38.5) | 2 (66.7) | |||
| Natalizumab | 45 (22.1) | 14 (23.3) | 12 (16.7) | 2 (13.3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |||
| Mycophenolate mofetil | 3 (1.5) | 0 (0) | 3 (4.2) | 0 (0) | 1 (7.7) | 0 (0) | |||
| Intravenous immunoglobulin | 3 (1.5) | 1 (1.7) | 1 (1.4) | 1 (6.7) | 1 (7.7) | 0 (0) | |||
| Azathioprine | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (2.8) | 1 (6.7) | 1 (7.7) | 0 (0) | |||
| Mitoxantrone | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |||
| EDSS, mean (IQR) | 2.6 (1.5) | 2.6 (1.4) | 0.884 | 5.6 (1.5) | 5.2 (1.9) | 0.25 | 5.7 (1.9) | 4.8 (1.2) | 0.298 |
| Race, n (%) | 0.385 | 0.851 | 0.071 | ||||||
| White | 225 (93.4) | 70 (88.6) | 100 (96.1) | 20 (100) | 29 (96.7) | 5 (83.3) | |||
| Hispanic/Latino | 3 (1.2) | 3 (3.8) | 1 (1.0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (16.7) | |||
| Black/African/American | 10 (4.1) | 5 (6.3) | 2 (1.9) | 0 (0) | 1 (3.3) | 0 (0) | |||
| Asian | 2 (0.8) | 0 | 0 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |||
| American Indian/Alaska native | 0 (0) | 0 | 0 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |||
| Other | 1 (0.4) | 1 (1.3) | 1 (1.0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |||
MS—multiple sclerosis; RRMS—relapsing–remitting; SPMS—secondary-progressive; PPMS—primary-progressive; SD—standard deviation; EDSS—Expanded Disability Status Scale; DMT—disease modifying therapy; NA—not available; BMI—body mass index; IQR—interquartile range.
The comparison between the migraine and non-migraine groups was performed using chi-square test, Mann–Whitney rank sum test and one-way analysis of variance. p-Values < 0.05 were considered significant (highlighted in bold).