Table 5. Comparison of potential risk factors between children with congenital heart disease (CHD) or without CHD (non-CHD) in 4 ethnic groups.
| Risk factor | Uygur | Han | Kazak | Hui | Total | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-CHD n = 10263 | CHD n = 185 | Non-CHD n = 2010 | CHD n = 14 | Non-CHD n = 1385 | CHD n = 16 | Non-CHD n = 632 | CHD n = 25 | Non-CHD n = 14290 | CHD n = 240 | |
| History of abortion, [n (%)] | 706 (6.9) | 47 (25.4)* | 109 (5.4) | 4 (28.6)* | 78 (5.6) | 4 (25.0)* | 42 (6.6) | 5 (20.0)* | 935 (6.5) | 60 (25.0)* |
| CHD history of family, [n (%)] | 205 (2.0) | 5 (2.7) | 33 (1.6) | 0 (0) | 29 (2.1) | 2 (12.5)* | 13 (2.1) | 4 (16.0)* | 280 (2.0) | 11 (4.6)* |
| Consanguinity, [n (%)] | 54 (0.5) | 7 (3.8)* | 4 (0.2) | 0 (0) | 9 (0.6) | 1 (6.2) | 4 (0.6) | 3 (12.0)* | 71 (0.5) | 11 (4.6)* |
| Premature birth, [n (%)] | 304 (3.0) | 47(25.4)* | 37 (1.8) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.1) | 1 (6.3)* | 2 (0.3) | 1 (4.0)* | 345 (2.4) | 49 (20.4)* |
| Paternal age when CHD child born, yr | 28.2±4.2 | 27.7±6.6 | 28.1±4.0 | 29.9±5.8* | 28.4±3.9 | 29.1±3.8 | 28.7±4.1 | 26.3±4.9* | 28.2±4.1 | 27.8±6.3 |
| Maternal age when CHD child born, yr | 25.7±3.8 | 23.8±4.4* | 25.6 ±3.7 | 27.7±4.3* | 25.8±3.7 | 27.9±5.4* | 26.1±3.7 | 23.4±3.4* | 25.7±3.8 | 25.9±3.8 |
| Altitude of living area, meter | 950±672 | 949±727 | 956±678 | 665±456 | 963±821 | 1335±2028 | 935±599 | 1127±338 | 951±687 | 990±834 |
| During the first trimester of pregnancy | ||||||||||
| Catching a cold, [n (%)] | 1613 (15.7) | 48 (25.9)* | 227 (11.3) | 4 (28.6) | 255 (18.4) | 2 (12.5) | 89 (14.1) | 4 (16.0) | 2184 (15.3) | 58 (24.1)* |
| Febrile illness, [n (%)] | 508 (4.9) | 20 (10.8)* | 55 (2.7) | 0 (0) | 66 (4.8) | 2 (12.5) | 18 (2.8) | 2 (8.0) | 647 (4.5) | 24 (10.0)* |
| Antibiotic prescription, [n (%)] | 222 (2.2) | 14 (7.6)* | 109 (5.4) | 4 (28.6)* | 31 (2.2) | 0 (0) | 5 (0.8) | 1 (4.0) | 282 (2.0) | 16 (6.7)* |
*P<0.05 vs. non-CHD group.