Table 2.

Factor Structure of Compensatory Primary and Secondary Control Subscales

Strategy	Factor 1	Factor 2	Factor 3
Compensatory Primary Control
Help
when difficulties too great, ask others for advice	.90	.08
when can’t solve problem alone, ask others for help	.88	.14
when obstacles, get help from others	.79	.16
when stuck, ask others for advice	.76	.12
Modify
when obstacles, find another way	.13	.83
when obstacles, find even unusual way	−.15	.82
when not making progress, find new way	.37	.70
if cannot achieve goal directly, use roundabout way	.27	.65
Compensatory Secondary Control
Compare
when in difficulty, remind self I’m better off than others	.82	−.11	−.18
when bad things happen, others are worse off	.77	−.16	.10
when doubt self, remind of past accomplishments	.65	.28	.11
when goal not accomplished, think of other successes	.60	.29	.02
Self-Protect
if goal not reached, not my fault	.02	.89	.04
if does not work out, was bad luck	.08	.79	−.12
Disengage
if cannot attain goal, let go of it	.03	−.17	.86
when goal too difficult, put out of my thoughts	.01	.20	.81

Note. N = 76.