Table 1.

Signals for Pol II pause release

Signal	P-TEFb recruiting factors	References
Environmental signals
Heat shock	HSF	[58]
Hypoxia	HIF1α CDK8-containing mediator	[53]
Serum stimulation	BRD4 CDK8-containing mediator	[52], [60]
Proinflammation signals
LPS, TNFα	NF-κB BRD4	[62–63]
Hormones
Estrogen, testosterone, retinoic acid	ERα, AR, RAR	[65–67]
Lineage differentiation signals
Hematopoiesis	LDB1 complexes TIF1γ GATA-1 Ikaros	[76–82]
ESC differentiation	c-Myc SEC KLF4	[10],[71],[85]
Disease signals
MLL-fusion leukemia	SECs BRD4	[89–90]
HIV infection	TAT SEC	[91–96]
Cardiac hypertrophy	GATA4 BRD4	[97–102]