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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Immunol. 2015 Jul 25;35:123–130. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2015.06.015

Box 1. Methods to engineer T cells.

Clinically Validated
Permanent Modification

  • Retroviral Vectors [17]

  • Lentiviral Vectors [17]

  • DNA-based transposons [18]

  • Zinc-finger nuclease based gene editing [19]

 Transient Modification

  • RNA transfection [16]
Future/In Development
Permanent Modification

  • CRISPR/TALEN based gene editing [20]

 Transient Modification

  • Protein transfection (dCas9) [20]