Table 5.
OLS regression results by two-parent family type, externalizing behavior problems
| Married Biological- Father Families |
Cohabiting Biological- Father Families |
Married Stepfather Families |
Cohabiting Stepfather Families |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Family income: | ||||
| Income (ln) | −0.02 (0.03) | −0.00 (0.04) | −0.05 (0.10) | 0.01 (0.04) |
| Parental relationship quality: | ||||
| BF/SF treatment of mother (standardized) | −0.11** (0.03) | −0.13* (0.05) | −0.23 (0.19) | −0.18* (0.09) |
| Coparenting quality (standardized) | −0.05 (0.04) | −0.06 (0.06) | −0.19 (0.16) | −0.13+ (0.07) |
| Parenting quality: | ||||
| Mother spanking frequency (standardized) | 0.12** (0.04) | 0.25*** (0.06) | 0.03 (0.11) | 0.23*** (0.06) |
| Mother engagement with child (standardized) | 0.02 (0.04) | −0.17*a (0.06) | −0.10 (0.11) | 0.00b (0.07) |
| BF/SF spanking frequency (standardized) | 0.07* (0.04) | 0.09 (0.06) | 0.21 (0.14) | 0.07 (0.10) |
| BF/SF engagement with child (standardized) | −0.04 (0.04) | 0.12 (0.07) | 0.02 (0.13) | 0.15*a (0.07) |
| Constant | 0.39 (0.40) | −0.06 (0.51) | 2.05 (1.26) | 0.21 (0.62) |
| Percent of total sample | 51% | 22% | 6% | 21% |
| Observations per imputed dataset | 898 – 900 | 379 – 380 | 111 – 112 | 361 – 364 |
Note: 1749 – 1753observations per imputed dataset. Coefficients (and standard errors) presented. Outcome has been standardized to have a mean of 0 and standard deviation of 1 in the full sample. The models also control for the family characteristics listed in Table 1.
a
Differs from married biological-father families at p<0.05.
b
Differs from cohabiting biological-father families at p<0. 05.
c
Differs from married stepfather families at p<0.05.