Table 1.
Real-time PCR data for colonies over three seasons in 2010. Copy numbers reflect mean N. ceranae DNA copies in a standardized 50 ng DNA extract from individual worker bees.
| Spring | Summer | Fall | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Colony | Avg. Copy # 1 | N 2 | Avg. Copy # | N | Avg. Copy # | N |
| 1 | 1099.66 ± 1099.66 | 1/43 | 159871.87 ± 99440.99 | 19/50 | 0 ± 0 | 0/50 |
| 2 | 0.61 ± 0.61 | 1/50 | 6.52 ± 1.62 | 16/50 | 0 ± 0 | 0/50 |
| 3 | 42400.72 ± 28832.82 | 15/39 | 6.05 ± 1.67 | 13/50 | 1.41 ± 1.41 | 1/50 |
| 4 | 250.45 ± 250.45 | 1/44 | 0 ± 0 | 0/43 | 0 ± 0 | 0/50 |
| 5 | 773.69 ± 450.84 | 3/36 | 20212.60 ± 14470.56 | 6/50 | 0 ± 0 | 0/50 |
1 Average copy number ± the standard error of the mean (SEM). The average copy number has been adjusted so that only data greater than 10 copies are shown (threshold qPCR). The average copy number may be less than 10 copies when only a few bees from each season were infected; 2 N represents the number positive by qPCR over the total number of bees sampled from each colony.