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. 2012 Jan 31;3(1):91–119. doi: 10.3390/insects3010091

Figure 5.

Figure 5

(a) Cladogram of the evolutionary relationships between insect and BV Major Facilitator System (MFS) sugar transporter genes. MFS genes from BVs of G. flavicoxis and G. indiensis clearly evolved from a hymenopteran homolog, and are more closely related to insect genes compared to those from mammals. The tree is adapted from Desjardins et al. 2008. [24], (b) Phylogenetic reconstruction of the evolution of insect and BV protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPs). Taxa were chosen from the MdBV genome, M. demolitor transcripts, or the A. mellifera, N. vitripennis, or Homo sapiens genomes if they had a significant BLASTP hit (e-value < 0.0001) to MdBV PTP 1 (accession YP_239404). Protein sequences were aligned using MUSCLE v3.8.31 and the alignment was edited by hand in MacClade 4.06, resulting in 249 sites. The tree was built using BEAST v1.6.2 and a random local clock model for variation in the rate of evolution among branches of the tree (individual rates are estimated for each branch). Each taxon is named according to its species name and the NCBI Genbank accession number for that protein. Only posterior probability values greater than 0.7 are shown. Branches are shaded by their rate of evolution, with darker branches signifying faster rates.