Table 6. Means and 95% confidence intervals of selected biochemical data, blood pressure and selected 24-hr individual food intake by self-rated subjective health status in a smoking population after covariate adjustment*.
| Variables | Self-rated subjective health status | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Good or very good (n = 1,984) | Fair (n = 2,447) | Poor or very poor (n = 1,059) | P value† | |
| Biochemical tests | ||||
| Serum high density lipoprotein (mg/dL) | 50.23 (49.56-50.90) | 48.91 (48.30-49.51) | 48.63 (47.69-49.58) | 0.002 |
| Serum low density lipoprotein (mg/dL) | 107.1 (105.2-108.9) | 107.1 (105.3-109.0) | 107.5 (104.8-110.3) | 0.967 |
| Serum triglyceride (mg/dL) | 152.3 (145.7-158.9) | 161.8 (155.9-167.8) | 162.3 (153.6-170.9) | 0.067 |
| Serum aspartate transaminase (U/L) | 23.34 (22.69-24.00) | 24.71 (23.92-25.50) | 24.77 (23.63-25.90) | 0.025 |
| Serum alanine transaminase (U/L) | 25.18 (23.90-26.46) | 27.19 (26.15-28.22) | 27.38 (25.67-29.08) | 0.033 |
| 24 hr food intake | ||||
| Energy (% EER) | 100.8 (98.19-103.5) | 98.30 (96.15-100.4) | 95.18 (91.83-98.54) | 0.032 |
| Protein (% RI) | 164.2 (158.7-169.7) | 159.7 (154.9-164.5) | 150.5 (143.9-157.0) | 0.012 |
| Carbohydrate (% of energy) | 60.61 (59.78-61.43) | 60.80 (60.13-61.47) | 62.03 (60.95-63.12) | 0.107 |
| Fat (% of energy) | 18.87 (18.39-19.35) | 19.02 (18.62-19.42) | 18.05 (17.34-18.76) | 0.058 |
| Fiber (g) | 7.965 (7.667-8.262) | 7.614 (7.339-7.889) | 7.208 (6.788-7.629) | 0.017 |
| Na (mg) | 6,064.2 (5,849.1-6,279.3) | 5,901.3 (5,727.2-6,075.3) | 5,699.0 (5,392.0-6,006.1) | 0.151 |
| Ca (mg) | 562.5 (541.4-583.5) | 531.8 (514.8-548.7) | 524.0 (484.4-563.6) | 0.095 |
| K (mg) | 3,434.9 (3,337.4-3,532.4) | 3,282.0 (3,196.7-3,367.3) | 3,150.0 (3,009.2-3,290.9) | 0.003 |
| Vitamin C (mg) | 82.73 (78.83-86.81) | 76.20 (73.20-79.33) | 72.71 (68.15-77.58) | 0.003 |
| Total vitamin A (µg RE) | 1,152.6 (1,094.0-1,214.3) | 1,096.0 (1,047.3-1,147.1) | 1,013.4 (939.26-1,093.3) | 0.025 |
*Adjusted for gender, age, residence area, income, occupation, smoking and drinking status, education, obesity, and physical activities; †P value for Satterwaite chi-square test. EER, energy requirement estimation; RI, recommended intake; RE, retinol equivalent.