Table 1.
Characteristics of 860 InCHIANTI Participants by Plasma Klotho Concentration (median = 669 pg/mL)
| Characteristics | Klotho >669 pg/mL (N = 432) | Klotho ≤669 pg/mL (N = 428) | p Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD), Number (%), or Median (IQR) | N | Mean (SD), Number (%), or Median (IQR) | N | ||
| Age (y) | 74.3 (7.6) | 432 | 76.3 (8.2) | 428 | <.001 |
| Education (y) | 5.6 (3.2) | 432 | 5.8 (3.8) | 428 | .34 |
| Smoking (pack-years) | 11.0 (19.2) | 432 | 13.3 (20.4) | 427 | .09 |
| Alcohol consumption (drinks/wk) | 6.3 (8.3) | 409 | 7.6 (9.0) | 401 | .03 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.6 (4.0) | 422 | 26.3 (3.9) | 412 | .28 |
| MMSE score | 25.5 (4.5) | 430 | 24.5 (5.4) | 426 | .005 |
| Female sex | 255 (59.0%) | 432 | 223 (52.1%) | 428 | .04 |
| Hypertension | 154 (35.6%) | 432 | 132 (30.8%) | 428 | .14 |
| Congestive heart failure | 20 (4.6%) | 432 | 34 (7.9%) | 428 | .04 |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 37 (8.6%) | 432 | 41 (9.6%) | 428 | .60 |
| Stroke | 23 (5.3%) | 432 | 33 (7.7%) | 428 | .16 |
| Diabetes | 44 (10.2%) | 432 | 52 (12.1%) | 428 | .36 |
| Cancer | 8 (1.9%) | 432 | 12 (2.8%) | 428 | .35 |
| Renal disease | 282 (65.3%) | 432 | 264 (61.7%) | 428 | .27 |
| Osteoporosis | 103 (23.8%) | 432 | 87 (20.3%) | 428 | .21 |
| Fallen in the past 12 mo | 77 (17.8%) | 432 | 100 (23.4%) | 428 | .044 |
| Physical activity: | 432 | 428 | .68 | ||
| Inactive | 71 (16.4%) | 76 (17.8%) | |||
| Low | 329 (76.2%) | 326 (76.2%) | |||
| Moderate-to-high | 32 (7.4%) | 26 (6.1%) | |||
| Blood collection season | 432 | 428 | .25 | ||
| Winter (December to February) | 149 (34.5%) | 173 (40.4%) | |||
| Spring (March to May) | 123 (28.5%) | 119 (27.8%) | |||
| Summer (June to August) | 41 (9.5%) | 39 (9.1%) | |||
| Fall (September to November) | 119 (27.5%) | 97 (22.7%) | |||
| 25-hydroxyvitamin D (ng/mL) | 29.8 (21.3, 51.2) | 432 | 29.7 (18.9, 45.3) | 427 | .16 |
| Calcium intake (mg/d) | 788 (625, 998) | 409 | 824 (673, 1,029) | 401 | .13 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 67.5 (56.1, 79.6) | 428 | 67 (55.2, 80.2) | 423 | .55 |
| Klotho (pg/mL) | 813 (738, 930) | 432 | 522 (443, 596) | 428 | |
| Parathyroid hormone (ng/L) | 41 (30, 60) | 432 | 41 (29, 59) | 427 | .47 |
| SPPB summary score, 3-y visit | 8.2 (2.4) | 420 | 7.6 (3.0) | 414 | <.001 |
| SPPB summary score, 6-y visit | 8.0 (2.5) | 346 | 7.3 (3.1) | 311 | .001 |
| SPPB summary score, 9-y visit | 8.3 (2.4) | 260 | 7.8 (2.8) | 234 | .08 |
| SPPB balance score, 3-y visit | 3.5 (1.1) | 426 | 3.2 (1.4) | 424 | .001 |
| SPPB balance score, 6-y visit | 3.4 (1.1) | 354 | 3.1 (1.4) | 316 | .005 |
| SPPB balance score, 9-y visit | 3.4 (1.1) | 276 | 3.3 (1.3) | 255 | .09 |
| SPPB chair stand score, 3-y visit | 2.2 (0.9) | 426 | 2.0 (1.1) | 424 | .003 |
| SPPB chair stand score, 6-y visit | 2.1 (0.9) | 353 | 1.9 (1.1) | 318 | .004 |
| SPPB chair stand score, 9-y visit | 2.1 (0.9) | 278 | 2.0 (1.0) | 252 | .03 |
| SPPB walk score, 3-y visit | 2.5 (0.7) | 423 | 2.3 (1.0) | 418 | <.001 |
| SPPB walk score, 6-y visit | 2.4 (0.8) | 348 | 2.2 (1.0) | 313 | .002 |
| SPPB walk score, 9-y visit | 2.5 (0.8) | 262 | 2.4 (1.0) | 234 | .10 |
Notes: Continuous variables compared using two-sample t tests or Wilcoxon rank-sum tests; categorical variables compared using Fisher’s exact tests. MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination) score range, 0–30; Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) summary score range, 0–12; SPPB balance, chair stand, and walk score range: 0–4. eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate; InCHIANTI = Invecchiare in Chianti, “Aging in Chianti”; IQR = interquartile range;
N = number with available data.