Table 3.
Associations With Child Salivary Cotinine Concentration (Natural Log-Transformed, Mean of Four Samples Collected Within 1 Week) and Air Nicotine Concentrations (Natural Log-Transformed, in the Major Activity Room and Child’s Bedroom), Unstandardized Coefficients (b) and 95% Confidence Intervals
| Salivary cotinine | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Independent variables | Model A | Model B | Model C |
| Demographic and smoking | |||
| Asthma/RAD | −0.20 (−0.47, 0.08) | −0.23 (−0.50, 0.05) | −0.16 (−0.43, 0.11) |
| Caregiver education | −0.26 (−0.53, 0.02) | −0.25 (−0.53, 0.04) | −0.18 (−0.46, 0.09) |
| Smoking caregiver | 0.36 (0.09, 0.64)* | 0.35 (0.08, 0.63)* | 0.36 (0.09, 0.63)* |
| Number of smokers in home | 0.16 (0.03, 0.30)* | 0.17 (0.04, 0.31)* | 0.14 (0.00, 0.27)* |
| General psychosocial | |||
| Caregiver depressive symptoms | 0.32 (0.03, 0.60)* | ||
| Caregiver stress | −0.05 (−0.10, 0.00) | ||
| Family routines (frequency) | 0.01 (−0.02, 0.04) | ||
| Family routines (importance) | −0.02 (−0.05, 0.01) | ||
| SHSe beliefs | |||
| Self-efficacy | −0.02 (−0.04, −0.00)* | ||
| Importance | 0.02 (−0.01, 0.05) | ||
| Intent | −0.03 (−0.06, −0.01)* | ||
| Outcome expectancies | −0.01 (−0.02, 0.00) | ||
| R 2 | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.14 |
| Extra sums of squares test | ΔR 2 = 0.03; F(4) = 2.02, p = .09 | ΔR 2 = 0.05; F(4) = 4.14, p < .01 | |
| Air nicotine—activity room | Model A | Model B | Model C |
| Demographic and smoking | |||
| Asthma/RAD | −0.30 (−0.87, 0.27) | −0.33 (−0.92, 0.24) | −0.17 (−0.73, 0.38) |
| Caregiver education | −0.42 (−0.99, 0.16) | −0.34 (−0.94, 0.25) | −0.23 (−0.79, 0.34) |
| Smoking caregiver | 0.52 (−0.06, 1.09) | 0.48 (−0.10, 1.06) | 0.46 (−0.10, 1.02) |
| Number of smokers in home | 0.29 (0.01, 0.57) | 0.28 (0.00, 0.56)* | 0.21 (−0.06, 0.48) |
| General psychosocial | |||
| Caregiver depressive symptoms | 0.47 (−0.13, 1.06) | ||
| Caregiver stress | −0.01 (−0.12, 0.10) | ||
| Family routines (frequency) | 0.01 (−0.06, 0.08) | ||
| Family routines (importance) | 0.01 (−0.05, 0.07) | ||
| SHSe beliefs | |||
| Self-efficacy | −0.07 (−0.11, −0.02)** | ||
| Importance | 0.02 (−0.04, 0.08) | ||
| Intent | −0.08 (−0.14, −0.02)** | ||
| Outcome expectancies | −0.02 (−0.03, 0.01) | ||
| R 2 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.14 |
| Extra sums of squares test | ΔR 2 = 0.01; F(4) = 0.94, p = .44 | ΔR 2 = 0.09; F(4) = 7.04, p < .0001 | |
| Air nicotine—bedroom | Model A | Model B | Model C |
| Demographic and smoking | |||
| Asthma/RAD | −0.28 (−0.83, 0.27) | −0.31 (−0.87, 0.24) | −0.20 (−0.73, 0.34) |
| Caregiver education | −0.57 (−1.11, −0.02)* | −0.57 (−1.14, 0.00) | −0.44 (−0.99, 0.10) |
| Smoking caregiver | 0.66 (0.11, 1.21)* | 0.62 (0.06, 1.18)* | 0.60 (0.06, 1.14)* |
| Number of smokers in home | 0.42 (0.16, 0.69)** | 0.42 (0.16, 0.69)** | 0.37 (0.11, 0.63)** |
| General psychosocial | |||
| Caregiver depressive symptoms | 0.39 (−0.18, 0.96) | ||
| Caregiver stress | −0.02 (−0.12, 0.09) | ||
| Family routines (frequency) | −0.02 (−0.08, 0.04) | ||
| Family routines (importance) | 0.02 (−0.03, 0.08) | ||
| SHSe beliefs | |||
| Self-efficacy | −0.07 (−0.12, −0.03)** | ||
| Importance | 0.02 (−0.04, 0.07) | ||
| Intent | −0.06 (−0.11, 0.00) | ||
| Outcome expectancies | −0.00 (−0.02, 0.02) | ||
| R 2 | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.17 |
| Extra sums of squares test | ΔR 2 = 0.01; F(4) = 0.66, p = .62 | ΔR 2 = 0.08; F(4) = 5.92, p < .0001 | |
Note. RAD = reactive airway disease; SHSe = secondhand smoke exposure. Salivary cotinine outcome represents mean of two samples obtained at time of baseline questionnaire completion. Model A: demographic and smoking block; Model B: demographic and smoking block + general psychosocial block; Model C: demographic and smoking block + SHSe beliefs block.
*p < .05; **p < .01.