Table S1.
Ingredients and chemical composition of the diet fed in the experiment
| Diet* | ||
| Item | Phase 1 | Phase 2 |
| Ingredient, % of dry matter | ||
| Corn silage† | 42.2 | 43.2 |
| Alfalfa haylage‡ | 18.0 | 18.0 |
| Soybean seeds, whole, heated§ | 8.0 | 8.0 |
| Corn grain, ground | 7.0 | 7.0 |
| Candy by-product meal¶ | 6.6 | 6.6 |
| Canola meal, mechanically extracted# | 6.0 | 6.0 |
| Molasses|| | 5.2 | 5.2 |
| SoyPLUS** | 4.0 | 3.0 |
| Mineral/vitamin premix†† | 3.0 | 3.0 |
| Composition, % of dry matter | ||
| Crude protein‡‡ | 16.6 | 16.1 |
| Neutral-detergent fiber‡‡ | 27.3 | 27.9 |
| Acid-detergent fiber‡‡ | 18.0 | 19.2 |
| Starch‡‡ | 24.4 | 23.9 |
| Gross energy, MJ/kg | 18.0 | 18.1 |
| Net energy of lactation, MJ/kg§§ | 6.65 | 6.53 |
| Nonfiber carbohydrates§§ | 46.3 | 46.1 |
| Ash‡‡ | 6.93 | 7.33 |
| Ca‡‡ | 0.97 | 0.98 |
| P‡‡ | 0.37 | 0.38 |
The experiment was conducted in two phases (for details, see SI Methods).
Corn silage was 36.1% and 33.9% dry matter and contained (dry matter basis): 7.2% and 6.2% crude protein, 43.8% and 41.6% starch, and 30.8% and 33.9% neutral-detergent fiber (phase 1 and 2, respectively).
Alfalfa haylage was 37.0% and 33.1% dry matter and contained (dry matter basis): 20.0% and 21.9% crude protein, and 46.0% and 41.4% neutral-detergent fiber (phase 1 and 2, respectively).
Soybean seeds contained (dry matter basis) 39.9% crude protein (average of phase 1 and 2).
Candy by-product meal (Graybill Processing) contained (dry matter basis) 17.3% crude protein (average of phase 1 and 2).
Canola meal contained (dry matter basis) 42.7% crude protein (average of phase 1 and 2).
Molasses (Westway Feed Products) contained (dry matter basis) 3.9% crude protein and 66% total sugar.
SoyPLUS (West Central Cooperative) contained (dry matter basis) 47.2% crude protein (average of phase 1 and 2).
The mineral/vitamin premix (Cargill Animal Nutrition, Cargill Inc.) contained (%, as-is basis) trace mineral mix, 0.86; MgO (56% Mg), 8.0; NaCl, 6.4; vitamin ADE premix (Cargill Animal Nutrition), 0.48; limestone, 37.2; selenium premix (Cargill Animal Nutrition), 0.07; and dry corn distillers grains with solubles, 46.7. Ca, 14.1%; P, 0.39%; Mg, 4.59%; K, 0.44%; S, 0.39%; Se, 6.91 mg/kg; Cu, 362 mg/kg; Zn, 1,085 mg/kg; Fe, 186 mg/kg; vitamin A, 276,717 IU/kg; vitamin D, 75,000 IU/kg; and vitamin E, 1,983 IU/kg.
Values calculated using the chemical analysis (Cumberland Valley Analytical Services) of individual feed ingredients of the diet.
Estimated by NRC (13).