The BRET assay for confirming active compounds that facilitate P23H mutant opsin translocation (top left). (A) Immunostaining of HEK293 stable cells illustrates the localization of P23H-opsin-Rluc and Venus-Kras fusion proteins. Red, mP23H mutant opsin; green, Venus-Kras. An overlay of the two stains is shown in the right panel. (B) Dose-response curve of 9-cis-retinal obtained with the BRET assay. Concentrations of 9-cis-retinal tested were 0.0025, 0.005, 0.01, 0.039, 0.078, 0.16, 0.31, 0.63, 1.3, 2.5, 10, and 20 μM. Error bars, SDs of triplicate determinations.