Table I.
Univariate analysis comparing both groups
| Characteristics | ACUSEAL (N = 97) | Bovine (N = 98) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 68.134 ± 10.7458 (43–94) | 67.449 ± 9.86 (37–84) | 0.6432 |
| Gender (male) | 54 (55.67%) | 53 (54.18%) | 0.8236 |
| Race (White) | 94 (97.92%) | 95 (100%) | 0.4974 |
| Preoperative laboratories | |||
| Total cholesterol | 175.3 ± 42.85 (108–355) | 161.1 ± 39.6 (97–296) | 0.0287a |
| LDL | 87.87 ± 35.38 (7–212) | 85.50 ± 31.32 (20–163) | 0.7048 |
| HDL | 46.20 ± 13.07 (25–85) | 44.96 ± 11.46 (24–83) | 0.5784 |
| Triglycerides | 204.6 ± 166.4 (60–1275) | 185.4 ± 144.2 (47–982) | 0.4282 |
| crp | 2.4917 ± 4.21 (0.2–15.5) | 5.02 ± 12.67 (0–41) | 0.5589 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Current smoker | 47 (48.45%) | 31 (32.98%) | 0.0296a |
| Past smoker | 36 (38.71%) | 49 (52.69%) | 0.0557 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 34 (35.05%) | 37 (37.76%) | 0.6948 |
| Congestive heart failure | 4 (4.12%) | 12 (12.24%) | 0.0388a |
| Peripheral artery disease | 34 (35.05%) | 28 (28.57%) | 0.3313 |
| Hypertension | 12 (12.37%) | 18 (18.37%) | 0.2459 |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 76 (78.35%) | 82 (83.67%) | 0.3432 |
| Medications | |||
| ASA | 84 (88.42%) | 84 (85.71%) | 0.5756 |
| Plavix | 34 (36.56%) | 37 (39.36%) | 0.693 |
| Coumadin | 6 (6.67%) | 8 (8.6%) | 0.6224 |
| Statin | 69 (74.19%) | 73 (78.49%) | 0.4901 |
| Indications for surgery | |||
| Asymptomatic | 65 (67.01%) | 65 (66.33%) | >0.999 |
| Symptomatic | 32 (32.99%) | 33 (33.67%) | >0.999 |
| Duplex ultrasound done | 91 (95.79%) | 90 (92.78%) | 0.3702 |
| MRA done | 15 (16.85%) | 11 (11.83%) | 0.3327 |
| CTA done | 32 (34.41%) | 38 (40.43%) | 0.3953 |
| Previous medical history | |||
| Contralateral artery | |||
| Normal | 8 (8.42%) | 13 (13.54%) | 0.0703 |
| <50% | 39 (41.05%) | 51 (53.13%) | |
| 50–70% | 34 (35.79%) | 26 (27.08%) | |
| >70% | 14 (14.74%) | 6 (6.25%) | |
| CABG | 24 (25.26%) | 23 (23.47%) | 0.7716 |
| Operative parameters | |||
| Hemostasis time | 4.90 ± 7.83 (0–73) | 3.09 ± 1.54 (0–12) | 0.0273a |
| Arteriotomy length | 4.21 ± 1.01 (2.2–7) | 4.36 ± 1.05 (1–6.5) | 0.3196 |
| ICA diameter | 5.375 ± 0.8305 (3–8) | 5.3292 ± 0.8058 (3.5–8) | 0.6984 |
| Surgery time (hr) | 2.0959 ± 0.5151 (0.95–3.89) | 2.1613 ± 1.3847 (0.04–11.7) | 0.6698 |
| Perioperative Complications | |||
| TIA | 00 | 00 | NA |
| Stroke | 3 (3.09%)b | 1 (1.02%) | 0.3685 |
| Postcarotid thrombosis | 1 (1.03%) | 1 (1.02%) | >0.999 |
| Infection | 3 (3.09%) | 0 | 0.1212 |
| Reexploration hematoma | 1 (1.03%) | 6 (6.12%) | 0.1183 |
ASA, acetylsalicylic acid; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; crp, c-reactive protein; ICA, internal carotid artery; NA, not applicable.
a
Statistically significant at 0.05.
b
One patient in the ACUSEAL cohort: carotid occlusion, stroke, and death.