Figure 5.

Flow cytometric distribution of H1299 cells after treatment with and without DOX (10 μM) or ATF–HSA:DOX (10 μM) for 12 hours.

Notes: (A) The cells were stained by FITC-labeled Annexin V and PI. (B) Quantifications of the cell population show that ATF–HSA:DOX is less toxic than DOX. ATF–HSA:DOX given for 12 hours produced significantly fewer early apoptotic cells than did DOX and ~three times fewer early apoptotic cells than late apoptotic cells, suggesting that ATF–HSA:DOX-induced cell death is likely due to a different mechanism from DOX. **P<0.01. ***P<0.001.

Abbreviations: ATF, amino-terminal fragment of urokinase; DOX, doxorubicin; FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate; HSA, human serum albumin; PI, propidium iodide.