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. 2015 Aug 24;10:5343–5353. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S88774

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© 2015 Zhang et al. This work is published by Dove Medical Press Limited, and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License

The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.

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Schematic illustration of the process for preparation and application of the PEI-functionalized BNNS as an efficient CpG ODNs carrier.

Notes: (A) Preparation of the PEI-functionalized BNNS for CpG ODNs loading. (B) Application of the PEI-functionalized BNNS as a carrier for enhancing the immunostimulatory effects of the CpG ODNs.

Abbreviations: BNNS, boron nitride nanospheres; IFN, interferon; IL-6, interleukin-6; IRF, interferon regulatory factor; NFκB, nuclear factor κB; ODN, oligodeoxynucleotide; PEI, polyethyleneimine; TLR-9, Toll-like receptor 9; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.