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. 2015 Aug 4;8(5):883–894. doi: 10.1111/1751-7915.12311

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Journal compilation © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd and Society for Applied Microbiology

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Average transmembrane pressure (TMP) for each of the membranes P1, P2 and P3 (left y-axis) and bioreactor hydraulic retention time (HRT; right y-axis) from days 0 to 172. This time period is divided in four phases defined by the degree of membrane fouling or biofilm development. Data from days 139 to 153 are not reported due to poor AnMBR performance. Error bars for HRT represent the standard deviation of daily flow rate measurements. Error bars for TMP represent the standard deviation of pressure data recorded every minute of operation.