Table 1.
Clinical outcomes of case reports for NDM producers
| Reference | Patient | Source of culture | NDM-carrying organism characteristics | Initial treatment, duration | Change in therapy reason | Subsequent treatment | Change in therapy | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 52 | 35-year-old male in Spain – hospitalized in India within previous 9 days | Right iliac fossa abscess |
KP S to: COL, TIG, FOS BL present: NDM-1, CTX-M-15, SHV-1 |
AMX/CLV days 1–3 | CF | MER + abscess drainage (duration NR) day 4+ | n/a | Survived |
| 21 | 54-year-old male in Japan – hospitalized in India 1 month prior | Blood (ESBL EC on same culture) |
EC S to: MIN BL present: NDM-1 |
CEF/SUL (duration NR) | n/a | n/a | n/a | Survived |
| 53 | 7-year-old female in the USA – previously resided in India | Urine | A. EC S to: TIG, FOS, POL, BL present: NDM-1 B. KP S to: FOS BL present: NDM-1 |
A. CFTX (duration NR) B. FOS + TIG (duration NR) |
CF, CR | 1A. MER 2A. TIG 3A. FOS (duration NR) |
1A. CF, CR 2A. ADE |
A. Survived B. Survived |
| 54 | 13-month-old male in the USA – recent travel and hospitalization in Pakistan | Lung |
KP S to: MIN, TIG BL present: NDM-1 |
CFTX + AZI days 1–3 | CF | 1. MER + AZI day 4 2. COL day 5 Received 10-day course |
1. CR | Survived |
| 55 | 28-year-old female in Australia – recent tooth extraction in India | Urine |
EC S to: NTF, FOS, CHL, COL BL present: NDM-3, CMY-6, CTX-M-15 |
NTF ×7 days | n/a | n/a | n/a | Survived |
| 55 | 78-year-old male in Australia – hospitalized in India 3 months prior | Urine (PSA also isolated) |
ECL S to: COL BL present: NDM-1 |
COL + RIF ×14 days | n/a | n/a | n/a | Survived |
| 26 | 46-year-old male in Ireland – hospitalized in India 1 month prior | Bone (culture also grew VIM-producing PSA) |
ECL S to: FOS, COL BL present: NDM-1 |
COL + TIG days 1–50 | CR | COL + AZTR + FOS days 51–92 | n/a | Survived |
| 31 | 3-year-old male in the USA – no travel history | Urine, blood |
KP S to: CIP, GEN, SMX/TMP, COL, IMI BL present: NDM-1, CTX-M-15, CMY-4, SHV-11 |
CIP days 31–45 | n/a | IMI + COL days 51–77 + PICC line removal day 56 | New infection | Survived |
| 31 | 2-year-old female in the USA – previously resided in India | Blood, isolated while on MER for non-NDM KP |
EC S to: CIP, GEN, SMX/TMP BL present: NDM-1, CTX-M-15, CMY-42 |
COL + IMI + AMI days 75–89 | n/a | n/a | n/a | Expired |
| 33 | 18-year-old female in France – transferred from hospital in India to France | Blood – urinary source |
CFR S to: FOS, COL BL present: NDM-1, CTX-M-15, TEM-1, OXA-1, VIM-4 |
AMX/CLV ×3 days Urinary catheter removed |
n/a | n/a | n/a | Survived |
| 28 | 65-year-old female in Singapore – previously resided in Indonesia | Blood – source NR |
KP S to: POL BL present: NDM-1 |
POL + AZTR + VAN days 9–10 | CR | POL + MER days 11–27 PICC removed | n/a | Survived |
| 56 | 52-year-old male in Vietnam – no travel history | Urine |
EC S to: FOS, COL BL present: NDM-1 |
FOS (duration NR) | n/a | n/a | n/a | Survived |
| 56 | 62-year-old male in Vietnam – no travel history | Urine |
KP S to: AMI, COL BL present: NDM-1 |
AMI + CLIN | n/a | n/a | n/a | Survived |
| 57 | 6-month-old infant in Ireland – resided in India for 4 months | Urine |
KP S to: CIP, TET, MIN, CHL BL present: NDM-1 |
CIP ×10 days | n/a | n/a | n/a | Survived |
| 35 | 46-year-old woman in Singapore – previously resided in Bangladesh | Blood, respiratory source |
EC S to: TIG, FOS, POL BL present: NDM-1 |
IMI + VAN days 10–11 | CR, CF | TIG + POL day 12 + (duration NR) | n/a | Expired: non-NDM related |
| 24 | 24-year-old male in Uruguay – no travel history reported | Urine |
MM S to: FOS BL present: NDM-1 |
MER days 1–4 | CR | FOS + MER HD/EF days 5–14 US removed |
n/a | Survived |
| 58 | Diabetic patient in Brazil – no travel history reported | Tissue |
PR S to: ERT, MER, AMI BL present: NDM-1 |
CIP (duration NR) | CF | AMX/CLV + amputation (duration NR) | n/a | Survived |
| 59 | 76-year-old male in Honduras – no travel history reported | Peritoneal fluid |
AB S to: MIN, COL, POL, TIG BL present: NDM-1, OXA-64, CTX-M-15 |
CFTX (duration NR) | CF | 1. CIP + CFTZ (duration NR) 2. TIG ×10 days + PDC removal |
1. CF | Survived |
| 22 | 7-year-old patient in Paraguay – no travel history | CSF |
AP S to: TIG; COL BL present: NDM-1 |
SMX/TMP, CIP, AMI | NR | Treatment duration and chronology NR | NR | Expired: non-NDM related |
| 22 | 2-year-old patient in Paraguay – no travel history | blood |
AP S to: TIG, COL BL present: NDM-1 |
MER + AMI (duration NR) | NR | n/a | n/a | Survived |
| 29 | 1-year-old patient in Guatemala – no travel history reported | PICC |
KP S to: TIG, FOS, AMI, NAL, LEVO, COL BL present: NDM-1, CTX-M-15, SHV-11, SHV-12, TEM-1, OXA-1 |
MER + VAN ×14 days | CF | MER + AMI + PIP/TAZ×14 days | n/a | Survived |
| 23 | 87-year-old woman in Australia – traveled to India 2–3 months prior | Urine |
KP S to: AZTR, CHL, TIG, COL BL present: NDM-1, CMY-6, SHV, DHA |
TIC/CLV (duration NR) | n/a | n/a | n/a | Survived |
| 60 | 56-year-old man in Taiwan – underwent renal transplantation in the People’s Republic of China 7 days prior | Pelvic abscess |
KO S to: TIG, COL BL present: NDM-1 |
TIG ×15 days + abscess drainage | n/a | n/a | n/a | Survived |
| 61 | 32-year-old male in Canada – transferred to Canadian hospital from Indian hospital | Urine |
EC S to: TIG, FOS, COL BL present: NDM-1, CTX-M-15 |
CIP ×5 days | CF | 1. E RT ×7 days 2. FOS ×1 day |
1. CR | Survived |
| 27 | 59-year-old male in the UK – traveled to India and Kenya a year prior | A. SSTI biopsy (PSA and MRSA also found) B. Blood – isolated while on TIG |
A. EC and KP S to: TIG, COL BL present: NDM-1 B. EC S to: COL BL present: NDM-1 |
FLU + BPCN (duration NR) | CF | 1. PIP/TAZ (duration NR) 2. TIG + CIP ×53 days 3. COL + MER + TEI×15 days 4. MER + TEI (duration NR) |
1. CR 2. CF 3. ADE |
Survived |
| 25 | A woman in her early 60s in France – recent hospitalization in Serbia | Urine | A, B. PSA S to: PIP, PIP/TAZ, COL BL present: NDM-1 |
A. AZTR + COL ×21 days B. OFL ×10 days |
A. n/a B. CR |
A. n/a B. PIP/TAZ ×21 days |
A. n/a B. n/a |
Survived |
| 30 | 23-day-old female – no travel history for child or family | Blood, GI source |
KP S to: AZTR, CIP, TET, TIG, COL BL present: NDM-1, SHV |
MER + RIFM (duration NR) | n/a | n/a | n/a | Survived |
| 30 | 9-day-old male – no travel history for child or family | Blood, GI source |
KP S to: AZTR, CIP, TET, TIG, COL BL present: NDM-1, SHV |
PIP/TAZ (duration NR) | CF | IMI + CIP (duration NR) | n/a | Survived |
| 30 | 90-day-old male – no travel history for child or family | Blood |
KP S to: AZTR, CIP, TET, TIG, COL BL present: NDM-1, SHV |
IMI + CIP (duration NR) | n/a | n/a | n/a | Survived |
| 30 | 10-day-old male – no travel history for child or family | Blood, PICC |
KP S to: AZTR, CIP, TET, TIG, COL BL present: NDM-1, SHV |
IMI + CIP (duration NR) | n/a | n/a | n/a | Expired: non-NDM related |
| 30 | 1.5-day-old female – no travel history for child or family | Blood, respiratory source |
KP on blood culture S to: AZTR, CIP, TET, TIG, COL BL present: NDM-1, SHV |
IMI + CIP (duration NR) | n/a | n/a | n/a | Survived |
| 30 | 13-day-old female – no travel history for child or family | Blood, GI source |
KP S to: AZTR, CIP, TET, TIG, COL BL present: NDM-1, SHV |
Patient expired before therapy could be initiated | n/a | n/a | n/a | Expired |
| 62 | 12-year-old male in Mexico – no travel history reported | Urine |
KP S to: none BL present: NDM-1 |
AMI + CFTX + CLIN + AMP, CEFU (duration, chronology NR) | CR | AMI + CIP | n/a | Expired |
| 36 | Male patient in his early 40s in Italy – recent hospitalization in Serbia | Blood, source perianal abscess (VRE also isolated) |
PSA S to: COL BL present: NDM-1 |
PIP/TAZ + AMI + VAN for FN (duration NR) | CF | 1. MER + AMI + VAN - duration NR, for FN 2. COL + MER + AMI + VAN ×5 days for FN 3. TIG + RIF + COL + MER + AMI + DAPT for NDM |
1. CR 2. CF |
Expired |
| 37 | 16-year-old male in Turkey – previously resided in Iraq | Blood, respiratory source (OXA-48, CTX-M-15, TEM-1 + EC also isolated) |
KP S to: TIG, COL BL present: NDM-1, CTX-M-15, OXA-1, SHV-28, TEM-1 |
MER + TEI + COL (duration, chronology NR) | n/a | n/a | n/a | Expired |
| 63 | 76-year-old female in Canada – transferred from Indian hospital to Canadian hospital | Urine |
KP S to: COL BL present: NDM-1, SHV-1, CTX-M-15, OXA-1, CMY-6 |
IMI + VAN | CF | 1. COL 2. CHL |
1. ADE | Expired |
| 34 | 44-year-old patient in Slovakia – no travel history reported | Blood, (ECF on same culture) |
PSA S to: none BL present: NDM-1 |
PIP/TAZ days 1–6 | NR | 1. MER + VAN (duration NR) 2. MET + FLUC + MER + VAN (duration NR) |
1. CF 2. n/a |
Survived |
| 32 | Elderly male in Norway – previously resided in India, prior hospitalization in India | Blood, urinary source |
EC S to: MER, IMI, TIG, COL, SMX/TMP BL present: NDM-1, CMY-6 |
MER (duration NR) | NR | SMX/TMP (duration NR) | n/a | Survived |
| 64 | Elderly male in Morocco – no travel history reported | Urine |
KP S to: IMI, DOR, FOS, TIG, COL, NTF BL present: NDM-1, CTX-M-15 |
NR | CR | AMI + COL | n/a | Survived |
| 64 | Female in her 60s in Morocco – no travel history reported | Blood | KP S to: IMI, DOR, FOS, TIG, COL, NTF BL present: NDM-1, CTX-M-15 | IMI + MET | n/a | n/a | n/a | Expired |
| 65 | 77-year-old male in India – no travel history reported | Blood |
CI S to: COL BL present NDM-1 |
COL ×12 days | n/a | n/a | n/a | Survived |
Notes: A and B refer to distinct episodes within the same patient that were reported within the same case report.
Abbreviations: AB, Acinetobacter baumannii; ADE, adverse drug event; AMI, amikacin; AMP, ampicillin; AMX/CLV, amoxicillin/clavulanate; AP, Acinetobacter pittii; AZI, azithromycin; AZTR, aztreonam; BL, beta-lactamase; BPCN, benzylpenicillin; CEFU, cefuroxime; CEF/SUL, cefoperazone/sulbactam; CF, clinical failure; CFR, Citrobacter freundii; CFTX, ceftriaxone; CFTZ, ceftazidime; CHL, chloramphenicol; CI, Chryseobacterium indologenes; CIP, ciprofloxacin; CLIN, clindamycin; COL, colistin; CR, culture results; CSF, cerebral spinal fluid; DAPT, daptomycin; DOR, doripenem; EC, Escherichia coli; ECF, Enterococcus faecalis; ECL, Enterobacter cloacae; ERT, ertapenem; ESBL, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase; FLU, flucloxacillin; FLUC, fluconazole; FN, febrile neutropenia; FOS, fosfomycin; GEN, gentamicin; GI, gastrointestinal; HD/EF, high-dose extended infusion; IMI, imipenem; KP, Klebsiella pneumoniae; KO, K. oxytoca; LEVO, levofloxacin; MER, meropenem; MET, metronidazole; MIN, minocycline; MM, Morganella morganii; MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; n/a, not applicable; NAL, nalidixic acid; NDM, New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase; NR, not reported; NTF, nitrofurantoin; OFL, ofloxacin; PDC, peritoneal dialysis catheter; PICC, peripherally inserted central catheter; PIP, piperacillin; PIP/TAZ, piperacillin/tazobactam; POL, polymyxin B; PR, Providencia rettgeri; PSA, Pseudomonas aeruginosa; RIF, rifampicin; RIFM, rifampin; S, susceptible; SMX/TMP, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim; SSTI, skin and soft tissue infection; TEI, teicoplanin; TET, tetracycline; TIC/CLV, ticarcillin/clavulanate; TIG, tigecycline; US, ureteral stent; VAN, vancomycin; VRE, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus.