Table 2.
Univariate analysis of the potential risk factors for infection
| Risk factors | Unadjusted OR (95 % CI) | p Value |
|---|---|---|
| Potential individual factors | ||
| Age (years) | ||
| >8 | 1.0 | |
| ≤8 | 1.63 (1.03, 2.59) | 0.039* |
| Gender | ||
| Female | 1.0 | |
| Male | 1.02 (0.65, 1.62) | 0.920 |
| Height (cms) | ||
| ≥120 | 1.0 | |
| <120 | 1.19 (0.75, 1.88) | 0.465 |
| Weight (kgs) | ||
| ≥20 | 1.0 | |
| <20 | 1.26 (0.79, 1.99) | 0.334 |
| HAZ Scores | ||
| <−2 SD | 1.0 | |
| ≥−2 SD | 1.07 (0.58, 1.95) | 0.831 |
| WAZ Scores | ||
| <−2 SD | 1.0 | |
| ≥−2 SD | 1.08 (0.65, 1.82) | 0.762 |
| BAZ Scores | ||
| <−2 SD | 1.0 | |
| ≥−2 SD | 1.38 (0.82, 2.34) | 0.225 |
| History of excreting worms | ||
| No | 1.0 | |
| Yes | 0.68 (0.41, 1.12) | 0.131 |
| Action taken on passing worms | ||
| Doctor’s consultation | 1.0 | |
| No action | 1.39 (0.79, 2.49) | 0.255 |
| Anthelmintic usage | ||
| Dewormed | 1.0 | |
| Never dewormed | 1.75 (1.08, 2.82) | 0.023* |
| Potential household factors | ||
| Area | ||
| Urban | 1.0 | |
| Peri-urban | 1.53 (0.96, 2.4) | 0.073 |
| Family size | ||
| <6 Members | 1.0 | |
| ≥6 Members | 1.11 (0.69, 1.78) | 0.658 |
| No of rooms | ||
| >1 Room | 1.0 | |
| 1 Room | 1.25 (0.69, 2.3) | 0.466 |
| Place of defecation | ||
| Own flush toilet | 1.0 | |
| Shared flush toilet | 1.73 (0.59,5.09) | 0.319 |
| Public flush toilet | 1.68 (0.61, 4.64) | 0.320 |
| No facility/bush/field/drain | 5.66 (1.71, 18.71) | 0.005* |
| Potential hygiene/sanitation related factors | ||
| Wash hand before eating with | ||
| Soap and water | 1.0 | |
| Only water/no washing | 0.90 (0.51, 1.59) | 0.719 |
| Hand used for cleaning anal region | ||
| Right hand | 1.0 | |
| Left hand | 1.88 (1.15, 3.06) | 0.012* |
| Wash hand after defecation | ||
| Soap and water | 1.0 | |
| Only water/mud water | 0.72 (0.23, 2.26) | 0.786 |
| Habit of nail biting | ||
| No | 1.0 | |
| Yes | 0.69 (0.35, 1.39) | 0.300 |
| Potential behavioural factors | ||
| Eat mud | ||
| No | 1.0 | |
| Yes | 0.64 (0.40, 1.0) | 0.065 |
| Reported stomach ache | ||
| Yes (often/sometimes) | 1.0 | |
| No | 1.86 (1.14, 3.01) | 0.012* |
| Appetite | ||
| Feels hungry often | 1.0 | |
| Doesn’t feel hungry | 1.24 (0.78, 1.96) | 0.368 |
| Participate in extracurricular activities | ||
| Participates | 1.0 | |
| Doesn’t participate | 1.77 (0.89, 3.50) | 0.103 |
| Experience peri-anal irritation | ||
| No | 1.0 | |
| Yes | 0.88 (0.56, 1.41) | 0.605 |
| Footwear | ||
| Wear footwear’s when outdoors | 1.0 | |
| Barefoot when outdoors | 1.27 (0.57, 2.84) | 0.555 |
* p < 0.05