Table 2.
Characteristics of WARCEF participants by warfarin versus aspirin and by major bleeding status during follow-up.
| Variable | Warfarin | Aspirin | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| Major bleeding (n=66) |
No major bleeding (n=1076) |
p-value | Major bleeding (n=31) |
No major bleeding (n=1132) |
p-value | |
| Age >65 yrs old | 36 (55%) | 358 (33%) | < 0.001 | 13 (42%) | 389 (34%) | 0.420 |
|
| ||||||
| Women | 21 (32%) | 215 (20%) | 0.021 | 8 (26%) | 216 (19%) | 0.349 |
|
| ||||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 45 (68%) | 814 (76%) | 0.182 | 24 (77%) | 855 (76%) | 0.866 |
| Non-Hispanic black | 9 (14%) | 157 (15%) | 5 (16%) | 161 (14%) | ||
| Hispanic | 9 (14%) | 76 (7%) | 1 (3%) | 80 (7%) | ||
| Other | 3 (6%) | 29 (3%) | 1 (3%) | 36 (3%) | ||
|
| ||||||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 0.228 | <0.001 | ||||
| < 25 | 22 (33%) | 279 (26%) | 16 (52%) | 263 (23%) | ||
| 25-30 | 26 (39%) | 400 (37%) | 4 (13%) | 452 (40%) | ||
| > 30 | 18 (27%) | 397 (37%) | 11 (35%) | 417 (37%) | ||
|
| ||||||
| Hypertension | 37 (59%) | 634 (61%) | 0.732 | 18 (62%) | 678 (62%) | 0.967 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 23 (35%) | 348 (32%) | 0.673 | 7 (23%) | 344 (30%) | 0.350 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 2 (3%) | 42 (4%) | 0.721 | 0 (0%) | 42 (4%) | 0.275 |
| Myocardial infarction | 33 (50%) | 516 (48%) | 0.747 | 12 (39%) | 551 (49%) | 0.273 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 33 (50%) | 455 (42%) | 0.219 | 9 (29%) | 494 (44%) | 0.105 |
|
| ||||||
| Prior stroke or TIA | 14 (21%) | 141 (13%) | 0.062 | 8 (26%) | 131 (12%) | 0.016 |
|
| ||||||
| Renal impairment | 4 (6%) | 22 (2%) | 0.033 | 2 (6%) | 16 (1%) | 0.026 |
|
| ||||||
| Liver impairment | 2 (3%) | 39 (4%) | 0.321 | 2 (6%) | 36 (3%) | 0.646 |
|
| ||||||
| Anemia, defined as hematocrit < 30% | 1 (2%) | 3 (0.3%) | 0.106 | 0 (0%) | 3 (0.3%) | 0.777 |
|
| ||||||
| Smoking status | 0.549 | 0.347 | ||||
| Current | 10 (15%) | 203 (19%) | 6 (19%) | 189 (17%) | ||
| Former | 38 (58%) | 547 (51%) | 19 (61%) | 585 (52%) | ||
| Never | 18 (27%) | 326 (30%) | 6 (19%) | 358 (32%) | ||
|
| ||||||
| Alcohol consumption | 0.240 | 0.025 | ||||
| Current, > 2oz/day | 17 (26%) | 262 (24%) | 6 (19%) | 287 (25%) | ||
| Previous, >2oz/day | 9 (14%) | 241 (22%) | 13 (42%) | 243 (21%) | ||
| Never | 40 (60%) | 573 (53%) | 12 (39%) | 602 (53%) | ||
|
| ||||||
| NYHA classification | 0.898 | 0.916 | ||||
| I | 8 (12%) | 146 (14%) | 5 (16%) | 163 (14%) | ||
| II | 35 (53%) | 596 (55%) | 18 (58%) | 643 (57%) | ||
| III | 22 (33%) | 324 (30%) | 8 (26%) | 311 (27%) | ||
| IV | 1 (2%) | 10 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 15 (1%) | ||
|
| ||||||
| LV ejection fraction (%) | 25.3±7.3 | 24.5±7.5 | 0.426 | 24.7±6.1 | 24.8±7.6 | 0.932 |
|
| ||||||
| TTR <60% | 33 (52%) | 465 (46%) | 0.349 | NA | NA | NA |
Renal impairment is defined as creatinine clearance of <30 ml/min; liver impairment is defined as AST level of >114 IU/L, which represents three times the upper limit of normal
Abbreviations: TIA, transient ischemic attack; NYHA, New York Heart Association; TTR, time in therapeutic range.