Figure 1.

(A) Primary Multivariable Proportional Odds Model for VES-13 score demonstrating linear associations per unit increase of VES-13 score; (B) non-linear relationship of increasing depressive symptoms (PHQ-8) score with odds of increased VES-13 score; (C) estimated intercepts from the proportional odds model that capture the odds of being at or above each VES score when continuous variables are centred at their median and discrete variables are set to their reference level (Note: for number of hospital and ER visits, values were centred at zero visits). ACS, acute coronary syndrome; ER, emergency room; MIDUS, Midlife Development in the United States; PHQ, Patient Health Questionnaire; s-TOFHLA, short form of the Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults; VES, Vulnerable Elders Survey.