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. 2015 Aug 1;15(8):601–615. doi: 10.1089/ast.2015.1281

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Copyright 2015, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.

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FIG. 9. — Morphological characteristics of B. frigida in relation to EVT-2 exposure and SVT exposure. 9a: Section of areolae with cortex, highly gelatinated algal layer, and less dense, spongy medulla from the surface inward. 9b: Details of the densely packed cells of the cortical layer (arrow) followed inward by the algal layer with spherical algal cells and the less dense medulla (lower left). 9c: Algal clusters (arrow) in a thick algal layer with medulla (right) and cortex (left). 9d: Mycobiont-photobiont interaction with a fungal appresorium (arrow) attached to an algal cell. 9e: Delamination of the epicortical mucilaginous sheath (arrows) in control samples (rock) of EVT-2. 9f: Delamination of the epicortical mucilaginous sheath (arrows) in rock samples exposed to UVR during the SVT. As a comparison of both pictures shows, impairments of the epicortex cannot clearly be attributed to the preflight test conditions (refer to the text). The samples are (9a) SVT, rock, control; (9b) EVT-2, P-MRS, control; (9c) SVT, S-MRS, control; (9d) SVT, P-MRS, full exposure; (9e) EVT-2, rock, control; (9f) SVT, rock, full exposure.