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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2015 May 28;150(3):613–619.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2015.05.057

TABLE 2.

Risk factors for higher symptom burden within 3 months of surgery, by ordinal regression analysis

Estimate* SE P
Fatigue
    Days from surgery (≤3) 0.23 0.04 < .0001
    Surgery type by days from surgery (≤3)
    Open thoracotomy vs VATs		 0.22 0.09 .01
    Days from surgery (4–100) −0.28 0.04 < .0001
    Surgery type by days from surgery (4–100)
    Open thoracotomy vs VATs		 −0.19 0.09 .03
Pain
    Days from surgery (≤3) 0.21 0.04 < .0001
    Surgery type by days from surgery (≤3)
    Open thoracotomy vs. VATs		 0.44 0.11 .0001
    Days from surgery (4-100) −0.26 0.05 <.0001
    Surgery type by days from surgery (4–100)
    Open thoracotomy vs VATs		 −0.43 0.12 .0002
    ECOG PS 2–4 vs 0–1 at baseline 1.14 0.52 .03
    Comorbid conditions (yes vs no) 1.33 0.66 .04
Drowsiness
    Days from surgery (≤3) 0.14 0.04 .0003
    Surgery type by days from surgery (≤3)
    Open thoracotomy vs VATs		 0.18 0.08 .03
    Days from surgery (4–100) −0.18 0.04 < .0001
    Surgery type by days from surgery (4–100)
    Open thoracotomy vs VATs		 −0.17 0.08 .04
    Cardiovascular complications (yes vs no) 1.33 0.46 .004
Disturbed sleep
    Days from surgery (≤3) 0.11 0.03 .001
    Days from surgery (4–100) –0.14 0.03 < .0001
Shortness of breath
    Days from surgery (≤3) 0.27 0.05 < .0001
    Surgery type by days from surgery (≤3)
    Open thoracotomy vs VATs		 0.24 0.10 .02
    Days from surgery (4–100) –0.30 0.05 < .0001
    Surgery type by days from surgery (4–100)
    Open thoracotomy vs VATs		 –0.23 0.10 .03

SE, standard error; MDASI, MD Anderson Symptom Inventory; ECOG PS, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status; VATS, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery.

*

Multinomial logit mixed modeling: N=60, 651 observations.