Table 3.

Odds Ratios for PD risk for ever-smokers versus never-smokers in the overall population, and stratified by Hp phenotype groups, gender, and ethnicity

Hp phenotype		Ever/Never smoking status	Controls	iPD	Odds Ratio	95% Confidence Interval	p- value	Age adjusted p-value
Overall population		Never smoked	99	75	0.52	(0.33–0.81)	0.004	0.050
		Ever smoked	127	50
Hp phenotype:
Hp 1-1		Never smoked	16	13	0.13	(0.03–0.66)	0.007	0.043
		Ever smoked	19	2
Hp 2-1		Never smoked	47	31	0.83	(0.44–1.56)	0.558	0.940
		Ever smoked	55	30
Hp 2-2		Never smoked	34	28	0.41	(0.19–0.87)	0.018	0.057
		Ever smoked	50	17
Gender:
Females		Never smoked	59	27	0.45	(0.21–0.96)	0.034	0.378
		Ever smoked	63	13
Hp 1-1		Never smoked	8	4	0.53	(0.33–0.85)	0.086	0.999
		Ever smoked	7	0
Hp 2-1		Never smoked	27	17	0.32	(0.11–0.92)	0.031	0.266
		Ever smoked	30	6
Hp 2-2		Never smoked	22	6	1.02	(0.30–3.52)	0.967	0.675
		Ever smoked	25	7
Males		Never smoked	40	48	0.48	(0.27–0.86)	0.013	0.028
		Ever smoked	64	37
Hp 1-1		Never smoked	8	9	0.15	(0.02–0.87)	0.025	0.048
		Ever smoked	12	2
Hp 2-1		Never smoked	20	14	1.37	(0.56–3.31)	0.483	0.491
		Ever smoked	25	24
Hp 2-2		Never smoked	12	22	0.22	(0.08–0.60)	0.003	0.007
		Ever smoked	25	10
Ethnicity:
Non-hispanic White		Never smoked	91	71	0.50	(0.31–0.81)	0.004	0.027
		Ever smoked	107	42
All other Ethnicities		Never smoked	8	4	0.80	(0.18–3.42)	0.765	0.714
		Ever smoked	20	8