Table 2.
Sample characteristics and associations of child, maternal and family characteristics to maternal depressive symptoms at child age 4 CESD Scores
| CESD Scores | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Full
Sample, % |
Mean (SD) | p-valuea | HDS, % | p-valuea | |
| Full Sample | 100 | 5.4 (5.7) | 18.5 | ||
| Child Factors | |||||
| Cognitive Delay at 24 months | <.0001 | <.0001 | |||
| Yes | 8.5 | 6.3 (10.2) | 26.9 | ||
| No | 91.5 | 5.1 (9.2) | 17.7 | ||
| Maternal and Family Factors | |||||
| Maternal Age, years | <.0001 | <.0001 | |||
| 15-19 | 3.4 | 7.2 (7.7) | 32.6 | ||
| 20-24 | 22.5 | 5.8 (9.3) | 21.6 | ||
| 25-29 | 25.3 | 5.5 (7.7) | 20.8 | ||
| 30-34 | 26.7 | 4.4 (8.8) | 13.7 | ||
| 35 or older | 22.2 | 4.8 (7.4) | 16.2 | ||
| Maternal Race/ethnicity | <.0001 | <.0001 | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | 58.4 | 5.0 (8.4) | 16.8 | ||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 13.8 | 6.5 (9.8) | 25.8 | ||
| Non-Hispanic Other Race | 5.5 | 5.6 (10.8) | 20.2 | ||
| Hispanic/Latina | 22.3 | 4.8 (6.8) | 17.8 | ||
| Marital Status | <.0001 | <.0001 | |||
| Married | 69.1 | 4.6 (7.2) | 15.4 | ||
| Never Married | 24.2 | 6.2 (9.7) | 24.0 | ||
| Divorced, Separated, or Widowed | 6.7 | 7.1 (8.4) | 29.8 | ||
| Family Socioeconomic Status | <.0001 | <.0001 | |||
| First Quintile (lowest) | 19.2 | 6.8 (9.4) | 28.6 | ||
| Second Quintile | 19.8 | 5.7 (8.4) | 21.8 | ||
| Third Quintile | 20.4 | 5.4 (7.7) | 19.7 | ||
| Fourth Quintile | 20.1 | 4.2 (6.5) | 11.4 | ||
| Fifth Quintile (highest) | 20.5 | 3.9 (5.9) | 11.4 | ||
Notes. Weighted estimates. Percentages may not sum to 100 due to rounding. Unweighted sample sizes were rounded to the nearest 50 in accordance with NCES guidelines. Cognitive delay was defined at 24 months by the 10th percentile of the Bayley Short Form-Research Edition (BSF-R) mental scale. High depressive symptoms were defined by CESD score >9.
CESD – Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; SD – standard deviation; HDS – high depressive symptoms.
a
Chi-square p-value for overall group differences.