Table 1.
Demographic Characteristics of the Study Sample (N=85)
| Characteristics | Controls (N=43) |
PAE (N=42) |
p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± s.d. | Mean ± s.d | ||
| Maternal age (years) | 25.7 ± 3.9 | 27.8 ± 5.4 | 0.04 |
| Gestational age at enrollment (weeks) | 21.3 ± 7.7 | 22.7 ± 7.5 | 0.41 |
| % | % | ||
| Ethnicity: Hispanic/Latina | 79.1 | 71.4 | 0.41 |
| Race: | |||
| White | 90.7 | 85.0 | 0.63 |
| American Indian | 7.3 | 10.8 | 0.59 |
| African-American | 2.4 | 8.3 | 0.25 |
| Marital status: | |||
| Single/separated/divorced | 53.5 | 69.1 | |
| Married/cohabitating | 46.5 | 30.9 | 0.14 |
| Health insurance: | |||
| No insurance | 0 | 9.5 | |
| Any other insurance | 100 | 90.5 | 0.04 |
| Education | |||
| Less than high school | 44.2 | 52.4 | |
| High school or equivalent | 34.9 | 21.4 | |
| Some college, vocational school or higher | 20.9 | 26.2 | 0.39 |
| Primigravida | 23.3 | 11.9 | 0.17 |
| Unplanned pregnancy | 79.1 | 92.9 | 0.07 |
| Hair product usage | |||
| Hair coloring in the past 6 months | 32.6 | 45.2 | 0.23 |
| Chemical treatments in the past 6 months | 2.3 | 2.4 | 0.99 |
| Shampoo hair at least once per day | 55.8 | 57.1 | 0.90 |
PAE = prenatal alcohol exposure