Table 2.
Use of Alcohol & Other Substances by Study Group (N=85)
| Controls N=43 |
PAE N=42 |
p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alcohol Use | ||||
| Past 12 months | ||||
| AUDIT (Mean ± s.d.) | 1.49 ± .28 | 16.12 ± 1.44 | <.001 | |
| AUDIT ≥ 8 (%) | 0.0 | 76.2 | <.001 | |
| Alcohol use in periconceptional period | ||||
| Frequency of binge (≥4 drinks) | ||||
| No binge episodes (%) | 100.0 | 4.8 | ||
| Once/week or less (%) | 0.0 | 40.5 | ||
| 2–4 times a week (%) | 0.0 | 28.6 | ||
| ≥5 times/week (%) | 0.0 | 26.2 | <.001 | |
| Average AA per day (AAD0; Mean ± s.d.) | 0.002 ± 0.001 | 2.23 ± 0.44 | <.001 | |
| Average AA per drinking day (AADD0; Mean ± s.d.)a | 1.00 ± .50 | 3.94 ± 0.45 | 0.02 | |
| Alcohol use at enrollment | ||||
| At least one binge episode during pregnancy (%) | 0 | 100.0 | <.001 | |
| Average AA per day (AAD1; Mean ± s.d.) | 0 | .091 ± .24 | – | |
| Average AA per drinking day (AADD1; Mean ± s.d.) b | 0 | 3.83 ± 3.09 | – | |
| Illicit Drugs and Tobacco | ||||
| Marijuana (%) | 32.6 | 54.8 | 0.04 | |
| Cocaine/crack-cocaine (%) | 30.2 | 31.0 | 0.94 | |
| Opioids/opioid-maintenance therapy (%) | 93.0 | 66.7 | <0.01 | |
| Benzodiazepines (%) | 18.6 | 21.4 | 0.75 | |
| Amphetamines (%) | 14.0 | 26.2 | 0.16 | |
| Tobacco (%) | 81.4 | 78.6 | 0.75 | |
a
Only among patients who reported any drinking in periconceptional period (2 controls and 41 exposed).
b
Only among patients who reported any drinking 2 weeks before enrollment (5 exposed).
AA = ounces of absolute alcohol.