Table 5.
Association between stage of iron deficiency and depressive symptoms and negative mood (compared to iron sufficiency) in women (n = 562). 1
| Low Iron Stores (n = 72) | Non-Anemic Iron Deficiency (n = 33) | Iron Deficiency Anemia (n = 12) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Percent difference in score 2 | 95% CI | p-Value | Percent difference in score 2 | 95% CI | p-Value | Percent difference in score 2 | 95% CI | p-Value | |
| Depressive symptoms | 8.872 | −6.667, 27.12 | 0.276 | 2.122 | −18.12, 27.25 | 0.853 | 1.613 | −28.75, 44.91 | 0.930 |
| Negative mood 3 | 7.466 | 0.803, 14.57 | 0.027* | 2.224 | −6.667, 12.08 | 0.633 | 2.327 | −11.66. 18.53 | 0.759 |
1 Adjusted for body mass indext (BMI), vigorous or moderate physical activity, weekly alcohol consumption, oral contraceptive agents (OCA) use, time of semester, C-reactive protein (CRP), alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP); 2 The data are skewed so are log-transformed and reported as percentage difference compared to the iron sufficient category; 3 Negative mood items were: dejected, sad, unhappy, nervous, tense, anxious, irritable, hostile, angry; * Significant at p < 0.05; 95% CI: 95% confidence intervals.