Table 2.
Summary of results from expression studies of human, mouse and rat VKORC1 and VKORC1L1.
| Study | Itoh & Onishi 2000 [76] * | Su et al. 2004 [83] * | Hammed et al. 2013 [51] | Kim et al. 2014 [93] | Wilhelm et al. 2014 [94] | Caspers et al. 2015 [79] | Melé et al. 2015 [90] * | Fernández et al. 2015 [80] * |
| Species | Human | Human, Mouse | Mouse, Rat | Human | Human | Mouse | Human | Zebrafish |
| Method | VKOR activity assay | CHiP-Seq | mRNA | Mass Spectroscopy | Mass Spectroscopy | mRNA | mRNA | mRNA |
| Tissue/cell types | Liver (12 weeks post-fertilization to 18 years) | Adipocyte | Adipocyte | Adipose-visceral (omentum) | ||||
| Adipose-subcutaneous | ||||||||
| Adrenal gland | Adrenal gland | Adrenal gland | ||||||
| Aorta | ||||||||
| Blood platelet | ||||||||
| Bone | Bone | Operculum | ||||||
| Brain (whole) | Brain | Brain | Brain | Brain | ||||
| Breast | Mammary gland | Breast-mammary | ||||||
| Caecum | ||||||||
| Cerebral cortex | ||||||||
| Colon | Colon | Colon | Colon | |||||
| Colonic epithelial cell | ||||||||
| Coronary artery | ||||||||
| Diaphragm | ||||||||
| Duodenum | ||||||||
| Esophagus | ||||||||
| Eye | Eye | |||||||
| Tissue/cell types | Liver (12 weeks post-fertilization to 18 years) | Fetal Brain | ||||||
| Fetal Gut | ||||||||
| Fetal Heart | ||||||||
| Fetal Liver | ||||||||
| Fetal Ovary | ||||||||
| Fetal Placenta | ||||||||
| Fetal Testis | ||||||||
| Frontal cortex | ||||||||
| Gallbladder | Gall bladder | |||||||
| Gills | ||||||||
| Gut | ||||||||
| Heart | Heart | Heart | ||||||
| Helper T-lymphocyte | ||||||||
| Hematopoietic B cells | ||||||||
| Hematopoietic CD4+ T cells | ||||||||
| Hematopoietic CD8+ T cells | ||||||||
| CD34+ | ||||||||
| Hematopoietic Monocytes | Monocyte | |||||||
| Tissue/cell types | Liver (12 weeks post-fertilization to 18 years) | Hematopoietic NK cells | ||||||
| Hematopoietic Platelets | ||||||||
| Ileum epithelial cell | Intestine | |||||||
| Kidney | Kidney | Kidney | Kidney | Kidney | ||||
| Liver | Liver | Liver | Liver | Liver | Liver | Liver | ||
| Lung | Lung | Lung | Lung | Lung | Lung | |||
| 721 B-ymphoblasts | Lymph node | |||||||
| EBV transformed lymphocytes | ||||||||
| Masseter muscle | ||||||||
| Mast-cells-IgE | ||||||||
| Mast-cells-IgE+antigen-1 h | ||||||||
| Mast-cells-IgE+antigen-6 h | ||||||||
| Mega-erythrocyte-progenitor | Milk | |||||||
| Muscle | Muscle | |||||||
| Myometrium | ||||||||
| Natural killer cell | ||||||||
| Nerve-tibial | ||||||||
| Oesophagus | ||||||||
| Tissue/cell types | Liver (12 weeks post-fertilization to 18 years) | Osteoblast-day 14 | ||||||
| Osteoblast-day 21 | ||||||||
| Osteoblast-day 5 | ||||||||
| Rat osteosarcoma cell line ROS 17/2.8 | Osteosarcoma cell | |||||||
| Ovary | Ovary | Ovary | Ovary | |||||
| Pancreas | Pancreas | Pancreas | ||||||
| Pancreatic islet | ||||||||
| Pineal body | ||||||||
| Pituitary | Pituitary | |||||||
| Placenta | ||||||||
| Prefrontal cortex | ||||||||
| Prostate | Prostate gland | Prostate | ||||||
| Rectum | Rectum | |||||||
| Retina | Retina | |||||||
| Salivary gland | ||||||||
| Skin | Skin | Skin | ||||||
| Smooth-muscle | ||||||||
| Soft tissue | ||||||||
| Spinal cord | Spinal cord | |||||||
| Stomach | Stomach | Stomach | ||||||
| Spleen | Spleen | |||||||
| Testis | Testis | Testis | Testis | |||||
| Thyroid | ||||||||
| Tissue/cell types | Liver (12 weeks post-fertilization to 18 years) | Tongue | ||||||
| Transformed fibroblasts | ||||||||
| Umbilical-cord | ||||||||
| Urinary bladder | Urinary bladder | |||||||
| Uterus | ||||||||
| Vertebra | ||||||||
| Vessels |
Symbols: * only cells and tissues shown with significantly greater expression than mean levels for all cells/tissues included in large-scale study; bold type indicates cells/tissues with expression levels significantly above means for each study; yellow, high VKORC1 expression level; blue, high VKORC1L1 expression, green high VKORC1 and VKORC1L1 coexpression.