Table 1.
Demographic characteristics and nutrient intake in U.S. infants and toddlers aged 0–23.9 months by age group: NHANES 2005–2012 (n = 2740).
| Characteristic | Age Group | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 0–5.9 months | 6–11.9 months | 12–23.9 months | |
| Participants a | 765 (23.3%) | 854 (27.0%) | 1121 (49.7%) |
| Sex a | |||
| Boy | 407 (53.0%) | 422 (46.7%) | 570 (51.2%) |
| Girl | 358 (47.0%) | 432 (53.3%) | 551 (48.8%) |
| Age (months) b | 2.8 ± 0.06 | 8.6 ± 0.08 | 17.4 ± 0.13 |
| BMI-for-age b,c | 0.31 ± 0.04 | 0.46 ± 0.06 | 0.63 ± 0.05 |
| Race/ethnic group a | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | 238 (52.9%) | 276 (56.8%) | 333 (53.3%) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 134 (14.5%) | 135 (12.1%) | 236 (13.5%) |
| Mexican American | 271 (18.6%) | 297 (17.4%) | 345 (17.7%) |
| Other Hispanic, Other Race and Multi-Racial | 122 (14.0%) | 146 (13.7%) | 207 (15.6%) |
| Head of Household Education Status a,d | |||
| Low (less than high school) | 242 (23.9%) | 256 (21.1%) | 326 (19.9%) |
| Mid (high school) | 167 (20.6%) | 226 (24.3%) | 276 (23.4%) |
| High (more than high school) | 332 (55.5%) | 342 (54.6%) | 487 (56.7%) |
| Breastfeeding rates a,e | |||
| Exclusively breastfed | 122 (21.4%) | 4 (0.8%) | 0 (0%) |
| Partially breastfed | 182 (20.1%) | 177 (23.5%) | 76 (7.5%) |
| Not breastfed | 461 (58.4%) | 673 (75.7%) | 1045 (92.5%) |
| Nutrient intake | |||
| Energy (kcal/day) b | 612.5 ± 6.4 | 847.3 ± 13.3 | 1217.2 ± 20.5 |
| Protein (g/day) b | 12.1 ± 0.2 | 21.3 ± 0.5 | 46.3 ± 0.8 |
| Total fat (g/day) b | 33.3 ± 0.3 | 35.4 ± 0.6 | 45.6 ± 0.7 |
| Saturated fat (g/day) b | 14.0 ± 0.2 | 14.5 ± 0.3 | 18.6 ± 0.3 |
| Total carbohydrate (g/day) b | 66.8 ± 0.8 | 112.9 ± 1.9 | 159.1 ± 3.2 |
| Total sugars (g/day) b | 61.4 ± 0.7 | 77.4 ± 1.1 | 92.2 ± 1.8 |
| Fiber (g/day) b | 0.4 ± 0.0 | 5.0 ± 0.2 | 8.2 ± 0.2 |
| Vitamin A (ug/day) b | 537.8 ± 7.4 | 675.4 ± 12.4 | 562.9 ± 14.5 |
| Folate (ug/day) b | 78.6 ± 1.7 | 136.2 ± 4.0 | 218.6 ± 5.8 |
| Vitamin C (mg/day) b | 60.1 ± 1.2 | 94.1 ± 2.4 | 79.4 ± 3.3 |
| Vitamin D (ug/day) b | 6.4 ± 0.2 | 7.1 ± 0.2 | 8.2 ± 0.2 |
| Vitamin E (mg/day) b | 5.3 ± 0.2 | 6.9 ± 0.2 | 3.7 ± 0.1 |
| Potassium (mg/day) b | 616.8 ± 9.4 | 1129.3 ± 22.5 | 1866.9 ± 31.0 |
| Calcium (mg/day) b | 469.7 ± 9.6 | 649.0 ± 12.4 | 1011.7 ± 21.0 |
| Magnesium (mg/day) | 52.7 ± 1.2 | 108.9 ± 2.5 | 172.1 ± 3.3 |
| Iron (mg/day) b | 9.2 ± 0.3 | 15.9 ± 15.9 | 9.4 ± 0.3 |
| Zinc (mg/day) b | 4.2 ± 0.1 | 6.1 ± 0.2 | 6.9 ± 0.1 |
a n (% Weighted); b mean ± SEM; c Includes data from 2715 participants; d Includes data from 2654 participants: 57 participants had missing data, 1 refused to answer the question and 28 responded “don’t know”; e Represents breastfeeding rates on the day of the 24-h dietary recall.