Figure 1.

Results of the narrative review: Food groups that were associated with high or low bone mineral density (BMD) in dietary pattern analyses; The X-axis displays the food groups, derived from dietary patterns that were significantly associated with high or low BMD in the reviewed literature. The Y-axis displays the number of dietary patterns in which corresponding food group occurred (count of dietary patterns). As some studies report more than one dietary pattern to be associated with BMD, the number of patterns that was counted is slightly different from the number of studies that was counted. *1: Although not all studies distinguished between refined and whole grains, those that did found particularly beneficial associations with bone for whole grains only.