The APs attenuate hepatic oxidative stress in the WD-fed ApoE−/− mice. A: The hepatic concentration of MDA was measured by monitoring the formation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances; B: Expression of the antioxidant gene Nrf2, GCLm and SOD-1 in the liver tissues of ApoE−/− mice fed with the WD or WD+APs (100 mg/kg/day) or WD+ATO (10 mg/kg/day) for 12 weeks; C: hepatic CAT, GSH-Px and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were measured in the liver tissues. The values are presented as the means ± S.E.M., n = 10 per group. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 vs. WD mice; † p < 0.05 vs. WD + ATO mice.