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. 2015 Aug 24;7(8):7085–7105. doi: 10.3390/nu7085324

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© 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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APs attenuate adhesion, decrease inflammatory factors and ameliorate oxidant stress in RAECs. A: Representative images of ox-LDL-induced monocyte adhesion to RAECs; B: APs treatment inhibits the ox-LDL-induced monocyte adhesion to RAECs in a concentration-dependent manner; C: CCL2, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 gene expression in RAECs; D: CCL2, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 level in RAECs supernatant; E: Activity of SOD in RAECs; F: Representative FACS plot of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and production in RAECs. The values are presented as the means ± S.E.M., n = 6 per group. # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001 vs. control group (0 μg/mL). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 vs. ox-LDL alone.