Table 1.

Demographic and occupational information for 2011 (N = 173) sample and 2013 subsample (N = 22).

	2011					2013
	Mean ± SD	n		%		Mean ± SD			n		%
Demographics
Age	40.1 ± 17.8 *					34.1 ± 10.3
≤24	-	35		20.2		-			4		18.2
25–34	-	48		27.7		-			8		36.4
35–44	-	32		18.5		-			6		27.3
≥45	-	58		33.5		-			4		18.2
Male sex		84		48.6					10		45.5
BMI	22.4 ± 3.2	-		-		22.5 ± 3.4			-		-
Underweight	-	17		9.80		-			3		13.6
Normal	-	126		72.8		-			15		68.2
Overweight/obese	-	30		17.3		-			4		18.1
Ever smoked	-	45		26.0		-			5		22.7
Ever Married **	-	152		87.9		-			18		81.8
Highest education level
Never attended school	-	81		46.8		-			7		31.8
Primary or Less	-	51		29.5		-			7		31.8
Middle, Secondary or higher	-	40		23.0		-			8		36.3
Don’t know	-	1		0.6		-			0		0
Religion
No religion	-	-		-		-			3		13.6
Christian	-	-		-		-			9		40.9
Muslim	-	-		-		-			4		18.2
Traditional	-	-		-		-			6		27.3
Occupational Information *
Never-miner	-	87		50.3		-			5		22.7
Ever-miner
Ex-miner		14		8.1		-			4		18.2
Current miner	-	72		41.6		-			13		59.1
Ever-miners	2011 (N = 86)							2013 (N = 17)
	n (%)		Yrs Experience (Mean ± SD)					n (%)		Yrs Experience (Mean ± SD)
Ever excavated	44 (51.2) **		7.7 ± 6.1					10 (58.8)		5.8 ± 6.1
Ever crushed	53 (61.6) **		6.5 ± 6.3					11 (64.7)		5.5 ± 6.0
Ever sifted	50 (58.1) *		5.8 ± 6.0					10 (58.8)		5.8 ± 5.3
Ever washed	50 (58.1) ***		7.7 ± 6.8					13 (76.5)		7.9 ± 6.1
Ever amalgamated	56 (65.1) ***		7.1 ± 6.7					14 (82.4)		8.5 ± 5.8
Ever burned	37 (43.0) **		5.8 ± 5.4					9 (52.9)		5.3 ± 5.4
Ever owned/managed mine	22 (25.6)		5.7 ± 5.7					5 (29.5)		2.6 ± 5.3
Mining experience	-		6.9 ± 6.4					-		7.7 ± 5.8
Total working hrs/wk	-		36.9 ± 46.6					-		31.0 ± 28.9

Significant difference between 2011 and 2013: * p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01, *** p ≤ 0.005.