Table 7.
Concentrations of elements (in mg/kg on dry mass basis) and differences between them in the cancellous and cortical bone of the femur according to cigarette smoking (N = 96).
| Metal | Femoral head | Femoral neck | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AM ± SD | AM ± SD | |||||
| Med. | Med. | |||||
| QL–QU | QL–QU | |||||
| Smokers (n = 23) | Nonsmokers (n = 73) | M-W | Smokers (n = 23) | Nonsmokers (n = 73) | M-W | |
| Ca | 117495 ± 28846 | 142758 ± 36287 | p < 0.01 | 163117 ± 38410 | 155351 ± 41149 | NS |
| 109008 | 139422 | 146176 | 153604 | |||
| 97994–139194 | 112362–169574 | 134048–203900 | 125302–181456 | |||
|
| ||||||
| P | 53711 ± 13014 | 65562 ± 16893 | p < 0.01 | 73176 ± 16717 | 69857 ± 18783 | NS |
| 50535.9 | 64623 | 68560 | 71192 | |||
| 44247–63841 | 51705–78096 | 59106–90919 | 56192–82532 | |||
|
| ||||||
| Mg | 1300.7 ± 293.7 | 1492.8 ± 367.3 | p < 0.05 | 1673.5 ± 294.2 | 1558.2 ± 325 | NS |
| 1288.8 | 1455.6 | 1657.2 | 1552.9 | |||
| 1094.1–1521.9 | 1219.4–1764.8 | 1400–1934.1 | 1342.4–1740.4 | |||
|
| ||||||
| Na | 5479.5 ± 897.4 | 5462.4 ± 1091.7 | NS | 4878.5 ± 874.6 | 4619.1 ± 884.6 | NS |
| 5383.98 | 5451.2 | 4628.4 | 4663.8 | |||
| 4955.94–5915.15 | 4648.33–6169.32 | 4196.9–5467.3 | 3935.5–5246.2 | |||
|
| ||||||
| K | 789.2 ± 375.5 | 859.1 ± 759 | NS | 964 ± 950.6 | 974.7 ± 1194.8 | NS |
| 712.9 | 663.4 | 637.3 | 660 | |||
| 550–1039.6 | 519.6–960 | 534.7–1138.6 | 500–980 | |||
|
| ||||||
| Zn | 66.01 ± 12.24 | 74.01 ± 16.63 | p < 0.05 | 73.67 ± 15.54 | 67.14 ± 12.33 | NS |
| 65.91 | 72.1 | 66.77 | 65.87 | |||
| 55.04–75.8 | 62.64–89.45 | 62.63–83.77 | 57.56–75.2 | |||
|
| ||||||
| Cu | 0.94 ± 0.78 | 0.9 ± 0.91 | NS | 0.88 ± 1.46 | 0.89 ± 1.05 | NS |
| 0.89 | 0.72 | 0.04 | 0.79 | |||
| 0.04–1.45 | 0.04–1.5 | 0.04–1.44 | 0.04–1.18 | |||
|
| ||||||
| Cr | 2 ± 3.57 | 1.12 ± 1.6 | NS | 1.65 ± 1.92 | 1.38 ± 1.68 | NS |
| 0.43 | 0.5 | 0.95 | 0.76 | |||
| 0.12–1.95 | 0.12–1.41 | 0.45–2.28 | 0.12–1.58 | |||
|
| ||||||
| Ni | 0.72 ± 1.47 | 0.56 ± 1.19 | NS | 1.28 ± 3.11 | 0.63 ± 1.95 | NS |
| 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | |||
| 0.03–1.05 | 0.03–0.69 | 0.03–1.15 | 0.03–0.49 | |||
|
| ||||||
| Fe | 111.55 ± 79.08 | 128.47 ± 113.56 | NS | 94.12 ± 44.24 | 143.3 ± 156.24 | NS |
| 90.8 | 96.44 | 88.64 | 93.52 | |||
| 47.26–171.83 | 54.54–142.18 | 56.73–136.87 | 55.28–167.62 | |||
|
| ||||||
| Sr | 38.43 ± 14.88 | 45.73 ± 29.03 | NS | 49.82 ± 16.72 | 46.46 ± 24.32 | NS |
| 36.39 | 36.74 | 45.73 | 41.89 | |||
| 25.22–44.43 | 26.16–52.99 | 39.73–57.13 | 29.86–52.54 | |||
|
| ||||||
| Mo | 0.54 ± 0.6 | 0.57 ± 0.6 | NS | 0.66 ± 0.58 | 0.75 ± 0.71 | NS |
| 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.18 | |||
| 0.18–1.02 | 0.18–1.15 | 0.18–1.21 | 0.18–1.43 | |||
|
| ||||||
| Ba | 2.5 ± 2.1 | 2.5 ± 1.5 | NS | 2.71 ± 1.54 | 2.32 ± 1.21 | NS |
| 2.04 | 2.09 | 2.63 | 2.07 | |||
| 1.52–2.97 | 1.46–3.08 | 1.41–3.48 | 1.35–3.11 | |||
|
| ||||||
| Pb | 1.38 ± 1.67 | 1.08 ± 1.46 | NS | 1.04 ± 1.33 | 1.09 ± 1.4 | NS |
| 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.32 | |||
| 0.32–2.18 | 0.32–1.44 | 0.32–1.35 | 0.32–1.57 | |||
AM: arithmetic mean; SD: standard deviation; Med.: median: M-W, QL: lower quartile; QU: upper quartile; M-W: Mann-Whitney U-test; p: level of significance; NS: nonsignificant difference.