TABLE 4.

P Values for EMG Activity Between Splinted/Nonsplinted (Within Each Loading State) and Loaded/Nonloaded (Within Each Splinting State) Conditions^a

	Shoulder Position
EMG Activity by Testing State	Neutral	45° of Abduction	90° of Abduction	45° of Flexion	90° of Flexion
LHBM
Nonloaded, splinted vs not	.064	.075	.173	.087	.116
Loaded, splinted vs not	.972	.133	.701	.650	.600
Nonsplinted, loaded vs not	.046	.002	.006	.016	.003
Splinted, loaded vs not	.196	.028	.463	.463	.033
SHBM
Nonloaded, Splinted vs not	.016	.001	.003	.011	.001
Loaded, Splinted vs not	.807	.004	.019	.033	.028
Nonsplinted, loaded vs not	.039	.011	.009	.016	.001
Splinted, loaded vs not	.382	.033	.279	.650	.023
Middle head of the deltoid muscle
Nonloaded, splinted vs not	.046	.011	.002	.055	.345
Loaded, splinted vs not	.101	.133	.173	.173	.075
Nonsplinted, loaded vs not	.075	.002	.001	.013	.009
Splinted, loaded vs not	.507	.033	.152	.013	.007

^aBoldfaced values indicate statistical significance (P ≤ .05, related-samples Wilcoxon signed rank comparison). LHBM, long head of the biceps muscle; SHBM, short head of the biceps muscle.