TABLE 3.
Comparison of ImPACT Scores in MLL Players Compared With Other Published Normative Reference Valuesa
| Study (Study Population) | ImPACT Score, Mean ± SD | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Verbal Memory | Visual Memory | Processing Speed | Reaction Time, s | Impulse Control | Total Symptom Score | |
| Current study (MLL players) | 85.6 ± 9.9 | 74.5 ± 13.4 | 38.6 ± 6.4 | 0.63 ± 0.097 | 3.9 ± 3.1 | 1.5 ± 4.1 |
| Solomon and Haase,37 2008 (NFL players) | 85.33 ± 10.02 | 78.4 ± 12.89 | 34.08 ± 6.06 | 0.59 ± 0.09 | 3.19 ± 4.96 | |
| Zuckerman et al,41 2012 (male high school soccer players) | 82.5 ± 8.2 | 76.8 ± 11.6 | 38.19 ± 6.2 | 0.61 ± 0.14 | 6.6 ± 7.6 | 2.0 ± 2.8 |
| Covassin et al,7 2008 (collegiate athletes) | 87 ± 10 | 78 ± 10 | 39.86 ± 5.82 | 0.53 ± 0.06 | ||
| Broglio et al,3 2007 (healthy subjects) | 91 ± 8 | 85 ± 7 | 40.77 ± 5.59 | 0.54 ± 0.06 | 5.62 ± 3.99 | |
aValues are reported as mean ± SD. ImPACT, Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing; MLL, Major League Lacrosse; NFL, National Football League.