H!istological images of mandibular defects at 12 weeks. (A–D) H&E staining of retrieved tissues from uncoated ABB, E7BMP2pep-coated ABB, and rBMP2-coated ABB (20×). (E–H) Sanderson rapid bone stain with acid fuchsin counterstain of the uncoated ABB, E7BMP2pep/ABB, and rBMP2/ABB groups. In uncoated samples (A, E), the outline of the defect is apparent, and residual graft particles are surrounded by soft tissue rather than new bone. In the E7BMP2pep/ABB group (B, C, F, G), new bone forming from the periphery of the old bone and extending into the defect area is evident. Mineralization fronts are indicated by dashed lines. Additionally, islets of new bone have formed on the residual graft particles (arrows). In the rBMP2/ABB group (D, H), new bone has formed from the periphery of the defect, however, AT is also observed within the defect area. OB, old bone; NB, new bone; ST, soft tissue; AT, adipose tissue; G, graft particle.