Table 1.
Producing cells and biological effects of growth factors related to pulmonary fibrosis
| Growth factor | Producing cells
|
Biological effects for fibroblasts
|
Profibrotic in vitro | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Epithelial cells | Fibroblasts | Fibrocytes | Macrophases | Proliferation | Migration | Collagen production | ||
| TGF-β | + | + | + | + | → | ↑ | ↑↑ | ↑ |
| PDGF | + | + | + | + | ↑↑ | ↑↑ | ↑ | ↑ |
| FGF-2 | − | + | + | + | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ? |
Notes: +, produce; −, not produce; The arrows show the level of stimulation: →, not stimulate; ↑, weak; ↑↑, strong; ?, not determined.
Abbreviations: TGF, transforming growth factor; PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor; FGF, fibroblast growth factor.