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Paracrine effects of cultured mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). It is now believed that the secretion of a wide variety of bioactive molecules may be the major mechanism by which CMMs achieve their therapeutic effect. This mechanism can be categorized into these six major actions: immunomodulatory, antiapoptosis, angiogenesis, support of the growth and differentiation of stem cells and progenitor sites, scarring modulation, and chemotaxis [78].
