Table 2. Personality differences between watch and non-watch wearers in a confirmatory sample.
| Confirmatory sample N = 638 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Watch | |||||
| Yes | No | ||||
| α a | n = 290 | n = 348 | t | d | |
| Extraversion | .77 | 3.83 (1.57) | 3.90 (1.60) | .55 | −.04 |
| Agreeableness | .36 | 4.71 (1.20) | 4.64 (1.22) | .80 | .06 |
| Conscientiousness | .58 | 4.81 (1.39) | 4.56 (1.37) | 2.21* | .18 |
| Emotional stability | .66 | 4.53 (1.48) | 4.57 (1.46) | .33 | −.03 |
| Openness to experiences | .41 | 5.14 (1.15) | 5.32 (1.15) | 1.89 | −.01 |
Notes.
*
p < .05. Standard Deviations appear in parenthesis alongside means.
a
The TIPI was intentionally designed to produce low coefficient alphas, which are themselves misleading when calculated on scales with a reduced number of items (Kline, 2000; Wood & Hampson, 2005). Our reported values compare favorably to the internal measures of consistency observed by Gosling, Rentfrow & Swann (2003) during the scales initial development.