Table 1.
Food groups and list of corresponding food items
| Major food group | Food groups | FFQ Food items |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Fruit | Whole fruit | Apples, Pears |
| Tropical fruits | ||
| Berries | Berries | |
| 2. Vegetables (excl. potatoes) | Green Leafy | Spinach, chard |
| Cruciferous vegetables | ||
| Lettuce | ||
| Red/Orange | Carrots | |
| Peppers | ||
| 3. Starchy vegetables | Potatoes | Boiled-, jacket-potato |
| Fried potatoes | Chips, croquettes | |
| 4. Whole grains | Wholegrain bread | Wholegrain bread/toast |
| Wholegrain cereals | Muesli, cereals | |
| 5. Refined grains | White breads | White bread/toast |
| Bread roll, Pretzel | ||
| Sweet breads | Raisin bread | |
| Croissant, chocolate bread | ||
| Brown bread | Brown-, rye-, multi-grain | |
| Refined cereals | Cornflakes | |
| Pasta | Pasta, noodles | |
| Rice | Rice | |
| Pizza | Pizza | |
| Salty snacks | Snack mixes | |
| 6. Meat | Red meat | Pork |
| Beef, veal | ||
| Offal | Offal | |
| Processed meat | Salami | |
| Leberwurst | ||
| Cold meat | ||
| Bratwurst | ||
| Sausage, Wiener-, pork-sausage | ||
| Poultry | Poultry meat | |
| Ready-to-eat meals | Ready-to-eat meals with meat | |
| 7. Fish | Fresh fish | Freshwater fish |
| Salt-water fish | ||
| Canned fish | Bismarck herring, matie | |
| Canned fish | ||
| Breaded fish | Fish fingers | |
| 8. Egg | Egg | Eggs, scrambled/fried |
| 9. Nuts, seeds | Nuts | Nuts |
| Seeds | Pumpkin-, pine, sunflower-seed | |
| 10. Butter | Butter | Butter |
| Butter (in cooking) | ||
| 11. Margarine | Margarine | Margarine, sunflower spread |
| Margarine (in cooking) | ||
| Low-fat margarine | Low-fat margarine | |
| Low-fat margarine (in cooking) | ||
| 12. Oils | High MUFA oils | Olive oil |
| High PUFA oils | Safflower oil | |
| Sunflower oil | ||
| Maize germ oil | ||
| Walnut oil | ||
| Vegetable oil | ||
| 13. Dairy | Milk and milk products | Milk |
| Cream cheese, quark (curd) | ||
| Buttermilk, whey | ||
| Hard cheese | ||
| Soft cheese | ||
| Cream, crème fraiche | ||
| Yoghurt, fruit yoghurt | ||
| 14. Sugar-sweetened foods | Cakes and biscuits | Cream tart |
| Pastries | ||
| Biscuits, cookies | ||
| Sponge cake | ||
| Pie | ||
| Chocolate | Chocolate | |
| Chocolate bars | ||
| Sweets and sugars | Choco-hazelnut spread | |
| Sugar beet molasses | ||
| Gummy bears | ||
| Dairy products with added sugars | Cocoa, milkshake | |
| Semolina pudding, rice pudding | ||
| Ice cream | ||
| 15. Caloric drinks | Sugar-sweetened-drinks | Lemonade, coke, ice tea |
| Sport-, energy-drinks | ||
| Fruit and vegetable juices | Squash, fruit nectar | |
| Fruit juice | ||
| Vegetable juice | ||
| Diluted juice | ||
| 16. Water | Water | Mineral-, tap water |
| 17. Tea | Tea | Tea |