Table 3.
Typology of 48 typical person-environment fit constellations, with the ICF as conceptual framework and scoring patterns that quantify range (i.e. functional limitations/use of mobility devices involved) and severity of accessibility problems
| Type | Accessibility problem | Aspect of functioningb | Environmental context | Environmental barrier examplec | No of items | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Scoring patterna | ICF block | ICF category | ||||
| T1 | 04000000000000 | Purposeful sensory experiences | Watching | Stairs Kitchen/laundry room/utility kitchen | Poor illumination of walking area and/or handrails. | 3 |
| T2 | 13000000000000 | Purposeful sensory experiences/Applying knowledge | Watching/Focusing attention | Paths and roadways/Seating places Stairs | Visual pattern on the surface of stair treads camouflages edges of treads. | 5 |
| T3 | 13300010000011 | Purposeful sensory experiences/Applying knowledge/Walking and moving | Watching/Focusing attention/Walking short distance | Entrance door/ramps Lifts Kitchen/laundry room/utility kitchen Paths and roadways/Seating places Indoor, except hygiene/kitchen Entrance door/ramps Stairs | Complicated/illogical routes to/from entrance. | 9 |
| T4 | 00030030000011 | Purposeful sensory experiences/Changing and maintaining body position | Listening/Maintaining a standing position | Lifts | No visual signal when the lift arrives. | 1 |
| T5 | 42300000000000 | Applying knowledge/Purposeful sensory experiences/Communicating, receiving/ | Applying knowledge, other specified/Watching/Non-verbal messages | Lifts Kitchen/laundry room/utility kitchen Hygiene area Indoor, except hygiene/kitchen | Illogical design of controls. | 4 |
| T6 | 33300300011000 | Applying knowledge/Purposeful sensory experiences/Use of communication devices/Carrying, moving and handling objects | Applying knowledge/Watching/Using communication device Manipulating | Entrance door/ramps Kitchen/laundry room/utility kitchen Hygiene area Indoor, except hygiene/kitchen | Complicated/illogical opening procedure. Also includes entry phone. | 4 |
| T7 | 00000003000300 | Changing and maintaining body position | Standing | Kitchen/laundry room/utility kitchen | Low working surfaces | 1 |
| T8 | 00000030000003 | Changing and maintaining body position | Sitting/Standing | Hygiene area | Wash-basin placed at a height for use only when standing | 2 |
| T9 | 00000000000010 | Changing and maintaining body position | Maintaining a standing position | Hygiene area | Grab bars in low position. | 1 |
| T10 | 00000000000110 | Changing and maintaining body position | Maintaining a standing position | Kitchen/laundry room/utility kitchen Hygiene area Indoor, except hygiene/kitchen | Controls in low position | 3 |
| T11 | 00002010000023 | Changing and maintaining body position | Sitting/Standing/Maintaining a sitting/standing position/ | Kitchen/laundry room/utility kitchen Hygiene area Sitting out place/balcony/suppl housing | No surface at a height suitable for sitting while working. | 5 |
| T12 | 00001000000332 | Changing and maintaining body position | Sitting/Standing/Maintaining a sitting/standing position | Hygiene area | Insufficient space for stool, bath board, or equivalent, or other problem in shower/bath. | 3 |
| T13 | 00000000000001 | Changing and maintaining body position | Transferring oneself while sitting | Hygiene area | Toilet 48 cm or higher. Including seat. | 2 |
| T14 | 00100101210000 | Changing and maintaining body position/Purposeful sensory experience | Maintaining a sitting position/Watching | Hygiene area | Toilet roll holder in inaccessible position | 1 |
| T15 | 11103330000141 | Changing and maintaining body position/Purposeful sensory experiences/Applying knowledge | Maintaining a standing position/Watching/Focusing attention | Hygiene area Stairs | No grab bar at shower/bath and/or toilet. | 3 |
| T16 | 00003230000030 | Changing and maintaining body position/Walking and moving | Maintaining a standing position Walking | Lifts Paths and roadways/Seating places | No seat in lift. | 2 |
| T17 | 00001110000010 | Changing and maintaining body position/Walking and moving | Maintaining a sitting/standing position/Climbing stairs | Stairs Lifts Paths and roadways/Seating places | Handrails placed too high/low | 8 |
| T18 | 00000000320000 | Carrying, moving and handling objects | Carrying in the hands | Kitchen/laundry room/utility kitchen | Hobs with ordinary rings. Also includes gas stoves, coil stoves, etc. | 1 |
| T19 | 00000000024000 | Carrying, moving and handling objects | Grasping/Manipulating/Releasing Turning or twisting | Kitchen/laundry room/utility kitchen Hygiene area Indoor, except hygiene/kitchen Lifts | Use requires fingers (i.e. isolated grip, e.g. pinch and lateral grip). | 10 |
| T20 | 00000000034010 | Carrying, moving and handling objects | Hand and arm use, other specified | Kitchen/laundry room/utility kitchen Hygiene area Indoor, except hygiene/kitchen | Use requires hands. | 3 |
| T21 | 02200000032000 | Carrying, moving and handling objects/Purposeful sensory experiences | Manipulating/Turning or twisting/Watching | Kitchen/laundry room/utility kitchen Hygiene area Indoor, except hygiene/kitchen | Very small controls. | 3 |
| T22 | 01101101300013 | Carrying, moving and handling objects/Purposeful sensory experiences/Changing and maintaining body position | Reaching/Watching/Maintaining a sitting/standing position | Kitchen/laundry room/utility kitchen Hygiene area Indoor, except hygiene/kitchen | Inappropriate design of wardrobes/clothes cupboards. | 2 |
| T23 | 03304332434334 | Carrying, moving and handling objects/Purposeful sensory experiences/Changing and maintaining body position | Reaching/Watching/Maintaining a sitting/standing position | Kitchen/laundry room/utility kitchen | Wall-mounted cupboards and shelves placed high | 1 |
| T24 | 10000300010010 | Carrying, moving and handling objects/Applying knowledge | Grasping/Manipulating/Releasing/Focusing attention | Kitchen/laundry room/utility kitchen Hygiene area Indoor, except hygiene/kitchen | Use requires intact fine motor control. | 3 |
| T25 | 20100200011010 | Carrying, moving and handling objects/Applying knowledge | Grasping/Manipulating/Releasing/Applying knowledge, other specified | Kitchen/laundry room/utility kitchen Hygiene area Indoor, except hygiene/kitchen | Complex manoeuvres (more than one operation/movement) and good precision required. | 3 |
| T26 | 10000200014030 | Carrying, moving and handling objects/Applying knowledge | Hand and arm use, unspecified/Focusing attention | Kitchen/laundry room/utility kitchen Hygiene area Indoor, except hygiene/kitchen | Use requires two hands. | 3 |
| T27 | 00000002311024 | Carrying, moving and handling objects/Changing and maintaining body position | Reaching/Maintaining a sitting/standing position | Lifts Kitchen/laundry room/utility kitchen Hygiene area Indoor, except hygiene/kitchen | Controls placed too high/low. Refers to both outside and inside the lift | 5 |
| T28 | 00000030010031 | Carrying, moving and handling objects/Changing and maintaining body position | Grasping/Manipulating/Maintaining a body position, other specified | Kitchen/laundry room/utility kitchen Hygiene area Indoor, except hygiene/kitchen | High force required to activate controls. | 3 |
| T29 | 00003330304033 | Carrying, moving and handling objects/Changing and maintaining body position | Pushing/Pulling/Maintaining a sitting/standing position | Entrance door/ramps Lifts | Heavy doors without automatic opening. | 2 |
| T30 | 00000001004414 | Carrying, moving and handling objects/Changing and maintaining body position | Pushing/Pulling/Maintaining a sitting/standing position | Kitchen/laundry room/utility kitchen | Door swings (inner doors) which impede accessibility to storage units. | 1 |
| T31 | 00003210334034 | Carrying, moving and handling objects/Changing and maintaining body position | Reaching/Maintaining a sitting/standing position | Sitting out place/balcony/suppl housing | Refuse bin difficult to reach | 2 |
| T32 | 00000000404333 | Carrying, moving and handling objects/Changing and maintaining body position | Reaching/Maintaining a sitting/standing position | Kitchen/laundry room/utility kitchen | Shelves too deep. Deeper shelves require pullout shelves/turntable units. | 1 |
| T33 | 00001120300211 | Carrying, moving and handling objects/Changing and maintaining body position | Reaching/Maintaining a sitting/standing position | Hygiene area | Grab bar difficult to reach/inappropriately positioned (NOT as regards height). | 1 |
| T34 | 00000000000034 | Walking and moving | Moving around using equipment | Paths and roadways/Seating places Entrance door/ramps Lift Sitting out place/balcony/suppl hous Indoor, except hygiene/kitchen | Insufficient manoeuvring space at seating places. | 10 |
| T35 | 03303301000034 | Walking and moving/Purposeful sensory experiences | Walking/Moving around using equipment/Watching | Paths and roadways/Seating places Sitting out place/balcony/suppl housing Entrance door/ramps Lifts Indoor, except hygiene/kitchen Kitchen/laundry room/utility kitchen | Irregular/uneven surface (irregular surfacing, joins, sloping sections cracks, holes). | 12 |
| T36 | 03300040000012 | Walking and moving/Purposeful sensory experiences | Walking/Moving around using equipment/Watching | Parking | Passenger loading zones far from entrance. | 1 |
| T37 | 01103333000034 | Walking and moving/Purposeful sensory experiences | Walking/Moving around using equipment/Watching | Parking Paths and roadways/Seating places | No stable, even, non-slip surface in car park (loose gravel, sand, clay, etc.). | 2 |
| T38 | 01100000000030 | Walking and moving/Purposeful sensory experiences | Climbing stairs/Moving around using equipment/Watching | Stairs | Projecting nosing/open-riser stairs. | 1 |
| T39 | 03300000000033 | Walking and moving/Purposeful sensory experiences | Moving around using equipment/Watching | Paths and roadways/Seating places Entrance door/ramps | Furniture placed in the path of travel. | 2 |
| T40 | 01100000000014 | Walking and moving/Purposeful sensory experiences | Moving around using equipment/Watching | Entrance door/ramps | Door swing that obstructs use. Refers to door leaves that obtrude when opening and/or closing. | 1 |
| T41 | 23403330000033 | Walking and moving/Purposeful sensory experiences/Applying knowledge | Walking/Moving around using equipment/Watching/Applying knowledge, other specified | Entrance door/ramps Lift | Doors that do not stay in open position/close quickly. | 2 |
| T42 | 13303330000032 | Walking and moving/Purposeful sensory experiences/Applying knowledge | Walking/Climbing stairs/Moving around using equipment/Watching/Applying knowledge, other specified | Paths and roadways/Seating places Stairs | Routes with steps. | 11 |
| T43 | 12012001000033 | Walking and moving/Purposeful sensory experiences/Applying knowledge | Walking/Moving around using equipment/Watching/Focusing attention | Paths and roadways/Seating places | Poor/uneven/dazzling lighting along circulation paths. | 1 |
| T44 | 13302303000033 | Walking and moving/Purposeful sensory experiences/Applying knowledge | Walking/Moving around using equipment/Watching/Focusing attention | Lifts | Wide gap between the lift and the building floor. | 1 |
| T45 | 30000003000033 | Walking and moving/Applying knowledge | Moving around using equipment/Applying knowledge, other specified | Parking | No marked parking for people with functional limitations within 10 m of the entrance. | 1 |
| T46 | 40001140000012 | Walking and moving/Applying knowledge | Walking/Applying knowledge, other specified | Parking | Parking place far from entrance. | 1 |
| T47 | 00000200000034 | Walking and moving/Changing and maintaining body position | Moving around using equipment/Maintaining a body position, other specified | Indoor, except hygiene/kitchen Hygiene area | Insufficient manoeuvring spaces where turning is necessary. | 2 |
| T48 | 00003330000033 | Walking and moving/Moving around using transportation/Changing and maintaining body position/Carrying, moving and handling objects | Walking/Using transport/Moving around using equipment Maintaining a standing position/Climbing stairs/Pushing/Pulling | Paths and roadways/Seating places Entrance door/ramps Sitting out place/balcony/suppl housing Lifts Parking | Rough/unstable ground at seating places | 11 |
Note: a type is defined by the combination of characteristics of a particular person-environment fit constellation
aFor functional limitations related to each position of the scoring pattern, see Table 1. Severity grades from 0 (=no problem) to 4 (=impossibility)
bInternational classification of functioning, disability and health [21]
cEnvironmental barrier items from the Housing Enabler checklist for the housing environment [10]