Table 4.

Summary hazard ratios for lung cancer mortality by level of consumption of vegetables and fruit among ever smokers

		Number of cases	Men		Number of cases	Women
			Summary hazard ratio (95% CI)			Summary hazard ratio (95% CI)
			Age and area-adjusted	Multivariate-adjusted†		Age and area-adjusted	Multivariate-adjusted†
Fruit	Q1	308	1.00	1.00	19	1.00	1.00
	Q2	247	0.77 (0.65–0.91)	0.81 (0.68–0.95)	20	1.28 (0.71–2.31)	1.36 (0.75–2.48)
	Q3	210	0.64 (0.53–0.76)	0.69 (0.58–0.82)	11	0.48 (0.20–1.14)	0.53 (0.22–1.25)
	Q4	252	0.76 (0.64–0.90)	0.85 (0.72–1.01)	11	0.44 (0.18–1.07)	0.51 (0.21–1.26)
	Q5	266	0.75 (0.63–0.88)	0.87 (0.74–1.04)	9	0.56 (0.25–1.27)	0.58 (0.25–1.32)
	Trend P		0.001	0.177		0.031	0.049
Vegetables and fruit	Q1	262	1.00	1.00	23	1.00	1.00
	Q2	239	0.82 (0.69–0.98)	0.86 (0.72–1.02)	16	0.62 (0.32–1.18)	0.61 (0.32–1.18)
	Q3	244	0.82 (0.69–0.98)	0.89 (0.75–1.05)	10	0.25 (0.10–0.65)	0.27 (0.10–0.71)
	Q4	277	0.88 (0.74–1.04)	0.99 (0.83–1.17)	8	0.41 (0.17–0.95)	0.47 (0.20–1.10)
	Q5	261	0.80 (0.67–0.95)	0.93 (0.78–1.10)	13	0.57 (0.29–1.13)	0.61 (0.31–1.22)
	Trend P		0.056	0.963		0.015	0.035
Green–yellow vegetables	Q1	259	1.00	1.00	17	1.00	1.00
	Q2	232	0.88 (0.74–1.05)	0.91 (0.77–1.09)	14	0.62 (0.29–1.32)	0.67 (0.32–1.45)
	Q3	239	0.85 (0.72–1.02)	0.92 (0.77–1.10)	10	0.69 (0.32–1.48)	0.76 (0.36–1.64)
	Q4	263	0.85 (0.71–1.01)	0.92 (0.77–1.10)	15	0.61 (0.29–1.28)	0.71 (0.33–1.50)
	Q5	290	0.85 (0.72–1.01)	0.97 (0.82–1.15)	14	0.57 (0.27–1.18)	0.64 (0.31–1.33)
	Trend P		0.071	0.799		0.206	0.326
Vegetables	Q1	234	1.00	1.00	18	1.00	1.00
	Q2	247	0.99 (0.83–1.18)	1.03 (0.86–1.23)	16	0.88 (0.45–1.73)	0.95 (0.48–1.86)
	Q3	243	0.92 (0.77–1.11)	0.97 (0.81–1.17)	12	0.57 (0.26–1.26)	0.63 (0.29–1.40)
	Q4	272	0.98 (0.82–1.17)	1.04 (0.87–1.24)	10	0.46 (0.20–1.06)	0.50 (0.22–1.17)
	Q5	287	0.99 (0.83–1.18)	1.09 (0.92–1.30)	14	0.69 (0.35–1.39)	0.77 (0.39–1.56)
	Trend P		0.855	0.383		0.103	0.192

^†Adjusted for age, area, smoking and intake of total energy. CI, confidence interval; Q1–Q5, quintiles 1–5.