Table 7.

Summary hazard ratios for lung cancer incidence by level of consumption of vegetables and fruit among ever smokers

		Number of cases	Men		Number of cases	Women
			Summary hazard ratio (95% CI)			Summary hazard ratio (95% CI)
			Age and area-adjusted	Multivariate-adjusted†		Age and area-adjusted	Multivariate-adjusted†
Fruit	Q1	265	1.00	1.00	10	1.00	1.00
	Q2	232	0.86 (0.72–1.02)	0.90 (0.76–1.08)	21	2.00 (1.02–3.90)	2.06 (1.05–4.04)
	Q3	219	0.77 (0.64–0.92)	0.83 (0.69–0.99)	8	1.31 (0.55–3.14)	1.37 (0.57–3.28)
	Q4	224	0.81 (0.68–0.97)	0.90 (0.76–1.08)	14	1.01 (0.41–2.52)	1.05 (0.42–2.64)
	Q5	256	0.83 (0.70–0.99)	0.97 (0.81–1.16)	8	0.81 (0.31–2.08)	0.79 (0.30–2.06)
	Trend P		0.028	0.648		0.420	0.464
Vegetables and fruit	Q1	223	1.00	1.00	15	1.00	1.00
	Q2	236	1.01 (0.84–1.21)	1.05 (0.88–1.26)	16	0.92 (0.46–1.86)	0.93 (0.46–1.88)
	Q3	222	0.91 (0.75–1.09)	0.97 (0.81–1.17)	8	0.46 (0.18–1.21)	0.47 (0.18–1.24)
	Q4	261	1.02 (0.85–1.22)	1.13 (0.95–1.36)	14	1.12 (0.54–2.36)	1.24 (0.59–2.63)
	Q5	254	0.95 (0.79–1.13)	1.08 (0.90–1.30)	8	0.54 (0.23–1.26)	0.56 (0.24–1.30)
	Trend P		0.602	0.282		0.149	0.201
Green–yellow vegetables	Q1	233	1.00	1.00	13	1.00	1.00
	Q2	209	0.89 (0.74–1.07)	0.93 (0.77–1.12)	12	0.75 (0.32–1.73)	0.79 (0.34–1.83)
	Q3	215	0.90 (0.75–1.08)	0.96 (0.80–1.16)	9	1.15 (0.45–2.95)	1.20 (0.46–3.08)
	Q4	268	0.99 (0.83–1.19)	1.07 (0.90–1.28)	15	1.08 (0.51–2.28)	1.14 (0.53–2.41)
	Q5	271	0.94 (0.78–1.12)	1.06 (0.89–1.27)	12	0.75 (0.33–1.70)	0.78 (0.34–1.78)
	Trend P		0.927	0.209		0.658	0.702
Vegetables	Q1	195	1.00	1.00	14	1.00	1.00
	Q2	235	1.14 (0.94–1.37)	1.18 (0.98–1.43)	16	1.16 (0.57–2.37)	1.22 (0.60–2.49)
	Q3	247	1.15 (0.95–1.38)	1.20 (0.99–1.45)	10	0.75 (0.32–1.78)	0.76 (0.32–1.82)
	Q4	244	1.10 (0.91–1.32)	1.15 (0.96–1.39)	9	0.90 (0.36–2.26)	0.95 (0.38–2.39)
	Q5	275	1.18 (0.98–1.41)	1.28 (1.06–1.54)	12	0.82 (0.38–1.75)	0.86 (0.40–1.85)
	Trend P		0.229	0.039		0.242	0.285

^†Adjusted for age, area, smoking and intake of total energy. CI, confidence interval; Q1–Q5, quintiles 1–5.