Table 1.
Participant Demographics for Youth with Valid fMRI Data. Means and standard deviations unless otherwise noted.
| FH+Pain | FH−Pain | Statistic | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 8 | 8 | ||
| Age | 13.61 (1.55) | 14.72 (0.98) | t14 = 1.72 | .11 |
| Gender | 2F/6M | 5F/3M | X21 = 2.29 | .13 |
| Caucasian (%) | 87.5 | 87.5 | ||
| IQab | 116.57 (6.95) | 116.50 (7.46) | t13 = −0.02 | .99 |
| Vocabulary Sub-testb | 58.57 (7.23) | 61.13 (6.15) | t13 = 0.74 | .47 |
| Range | 43-63 | 54-71 | ||
| Matrix Reasoning Sub-testb | 60.43 (5.50) | 57.50 (3.74) | t13 = −1.22 | .24 |
| Range | 54-67 | 53-62 | ||
| SESc | 31.13 (13.86) | 34.0 (14.17) | t14 = 0.41 | .69 |
| PDS Crockett Staged | 3.89 (1.10) | 4.12 (.70) | U14 = 15.0 Z = −1.87 | .08 |
| Head Motion (RMS)e | 0.39 (0.25) | 0.45 (0.56) | U14 = 24.0 Z = −0.84 | .44 |
| CDIfg | 40.71 (5.41) | 42.75 (7.19) | t13 = 0.61 | .55 |
| DSM-IV Psychiatric Diagnoses (N)h | 1 | 0 | ||
| Biological Maternal Major Depressive | 6 | 2 | X21 = 4.00 | .05 |
| Disorder (N)i | ||||
| Family History Density of MDDj | 0.52 (0.38) | 0.27 (0.25) | t14 = −1.53 | .15 |
| Range | 0-1.13 | 0-0.58 | ||
| Biological Maternal Generalized Anxiety | 1 | 0 | X21 = 1.07 | .30 |
| Disorder (N)k | ||||
| Family History Density of GADl | 0.18 (0.26) | 0.09 (0.19) | U14 = 24.0 Z = −0.97 | .44 |
| Range | 0-0.65 | 0-0.50 | ||
| EATQ-Rm Youth Fear Scaled | 2.45 (0.28) | 2.60 (0.60) | t13 = 0.61 | .55 |
| EATQ-R Parent Fear Scaled | 2.07 (0.85) | 1.85 (0.61) | t13 = −0.57 | .58 |
| SHSn Sleepiness Scaleo | 12.0 (2.65) | 13.13 (3.14) | t13 = 0.74 | .47 |
| SHS Sleep/Wake Problems Scalep | 17.0 (7.62) | 14.17 (3.31) | t11 = −0.84 | .42 |
| SHS Morning/Evening Scalelq | 24.86 (3.58) | 28.0 (3.66) | t13 = 1.68 | .12 |
Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (Wechsler, 1999)
IQ missing from one FH+Pain participant; the two subtests included Vocabulary and Matrix Reasoning. T-scores on the subtests may range from 20-80, with higher scores reflecting higher IQ. Full-scale IQ scores between 90 and 110 represent average, scores above 110 represent high-average, while scores above 120 represent superior IQ levels
Hollingshead Index of Social Position (Hollingshead, 1957)
Pubertal Developmental Scale Crockett Stage; scores range 1-5, with higher scores reflecting greater maturity (Petersen et al., 1988)
Root Mean Square
Children’s Depression Inventory (Kovacs, 1985)
CDI missing for one FH+Pain participant
One youth diagnoses with Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Modified DSM-IV Family History Assessment Module (Rice et al., 1995)
Family History Density of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD); the presence of MDD in biological parents, grandparents and aunts/uncles was calculated and resulted in a family history density score, with higher scores reflecting greater prevalence of familial MDD
Modified DSM-IV Family History Assessment Module (Rice et al., 1995)
Family History Density of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD); the presence of MDD in biological parents, grandparents and aunts/uncles was calculated and resulted in a family history density score, with higher scores reflecting greater prevalence of familial GAD
Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire-Revised (Ellis & Rothbart, 2001); missing for FH+Pain participant
Modified version of the Sleep Habits Survey (Wolfson & Carskadon, 1998)
Lower score reflects less sleepiness; missing for one FH+Pain participant
Lower score reflects less sleep/wake problems; missing for one FH+Pain and two FH−Pain participants
Lower score is morning preference; missing for one FH+Pain participant