Table 2. Summary statistics of participants included for retinal vessel assessment by CKD status.
| Characteristic | With CKD, n = 623 | No CKD, n = 437 | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean Age, years (SD) | 78.3 (7.6) | 73.8 (7.9) | <0.001 |
| Mean Body Mass Index, kg/m2 (SD) | 24.9 (5.2) | 24.2 (4.8) | 0.03 |
| Mean MABP, mmHg (SD) | 92.9 (9.8) | 91.5 (11) | 0.04 |
| Ever smoked, n (%) | 24 (4) | 22 (5) | 0.35 |
| Any alcohol consumption ✝ , n (%) | 41 (7) | 33 (9) | 0.34 |
| Ischemic Heart Disease, n (%) | 81 (13) | 33 (8) | 0.005 |
| Cerebrovascular accident, n (%) | 24 (4) | 11 (3) | 0.23 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 26 (4) | 8 (2) | 0.03 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 410 (66) | 221 (51) | <0.001 |
| ACE inhibitors*, n (%) | 90 (14) | 35 (8) | 0.001 |
| Aspirin*, n (%) | 247 (40) | 103 (24) | <0.001 |
| Beta blockers* | 124 (20) | 58 (13) | 0.005 |
| Calcium channel blockers*, n (%) | 84 (13) | 51 (12) | 0.38 |
| Corticosteroids*, n (%) | 28 (4) | 29 (7) | 0.13 |
| Diuretics*, n (%) | 156 (25) | 64 (15) | <0.001 |
| NSAIDs*, n (%) | 23 (4) | 26 (6) | 0.09 |
| Statins*, n (%) | 274 (44) | 146 (33) | <0.001 |
| Central retinal arteriolar equivalent, μm (SD) | 120.0 (12.6) | 120.8 (12.4) | 0.27 |
| Central retinal venular equivalent, μm (SD) | 168.9 (18.7) | 169.2 (17.9) | 0.81 |
| Fractal Dimension, DF | 1.417 (0.061) | 1.423 (0.063) | 0.16 |
SD: standard deviation; MABP: mean arterial blood pressure (one third of the systolic blood pressure plus two thirds of the diastolic blood pressure); ACE: angiotensin converting enzyme; NSAIDs: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
*Medications with a frequency >5%.
✝Data on alcohol consumption was only available in 941 participants who completed a food frequency questionnaire.