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. 2015 Sep 2;6:1300. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01300

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Copyright © 2015 Bai, Leib, Puri, Whitney and Peng.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Simulation result. (A) Twelve faces were chosen by the program to replicate the empirical experiment (the faces were −3, −9 and +3, +9 units away from the randomly selected mean). (B) A simulated integration process in which participants averaged 1–12 (two in the figure) noisily encoded faces to estimate the mean. Noise was determined by the standard deviations of participants' error distributions for the single face perception condition. (C) Linear fit of subjects' simulated crowd face perception sensitivity as a function of single face discrimination. We depict increasing integration conditions ranging from the smallest set (one face) to the largest set (12 faces) from right to left. We observe a pattern of steeper slopes with increased integration, consistent with conclusion that males integrated more faces than females, despite their relatively poor overall ensemble coding performance.